Adaptive Management of Flows in the Lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA

The lower Roanoke River in North Carolina, USA, has been regulated by a series of dams since the 1950s. This river and its floodplain have been identified by The Nature Conservancy, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the State of North Carolina as critical resources for the conservation of bottomland hardwoods and other riparian and in-stream biota and communities. Upstream dams are causing extended floods in the growing season for bottomland hardwood forests, threatening their survival. A coalition of stakeholders including public agencies and private organizations is cooperating with the dam managers to establish an active adaptive management program to reduce the negative impacts of flow regulation, especially extended growing season inundation, on these conservation targets. We introduce the lower Roanoke River, describe the regulatory context for negotiating towards an active adaptive management program, present our conservation objective for bottomland hardwoods, and describe investigations in which we successfully employed a series of models to develop testable management hypotheses. We propose adaptive management strategies that we believe will enable the bottomland hardwoods to regenerate and support their associated biota and that are reasonable, flexible, and economically sustainable.     

THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPACT OF INUNDATION OF TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION ON THE WATER QUALITY OF QUABBIN RESERVOIR – COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS1

ABSTRACT: Drought in the 1960's lowered Quabbin Reservoir levels and exposed extensive shore areas for up to 12 years. Several vegetation types including gray birch, spirea, reed and cottonwood invaded the exposed shore and were subsequently submerged when water levels rose in 1972–73. Biomass of the flooded vegetation is estimated at 14,000 tons. Using literature-derived estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the vegetation, the potential nutrient release to the reservoir is about 140 tons of N and 14 tons of P. These amounts are comparable to the N and P input into the reservoir during a single year of the planned diversion from the Connecticut River. The critical factor of rate of release of these nutrients by decomposition is the subject of continuing study.     

某炼铁厂热风炉系统检测鉴定及加固

通过对某炼铁厂热风炉系统的检测鉴定，对检测数据进行分析，最后根据测试，计算，分析结果，对热风炉系统采取相应加固处理措施，保证热风炉整个系统的安全生产。     

MODELING THE HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE CANNONSVILLE WATERSHED WITH GENERALIZED WATERSHED LOADING FUNCTIONS (GWLF)1

ABSTRACT: A previous modeling study used the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model to simulate stream‐flow, and nutrient and sediment loads to Cannonsville Reservoir from the West Branch Delaware River (WBDR). We made several model revisions, calibrated key parameters, and tested the original GWLF model and a revised GWLF model using more recent data. Model revisions included: addition of unsaturated leakage between unsaturated and saturated subsurface reservoirs; revised timing of sediment export; inclusion of urban sediments and dissolved nutrients; tracking of particulate nutrients from point sources; and revised timing of septic system loads. The revision of sediment yield timing resulted in significant improvements in monthly sediment and particulate phosphorus predictions as compared to the original model. Addition of unsaturated leakage improved hydrologic predictions during low flow months. The other model changes improve realism without adding significant model complexity or data requirements. Goodness of fit of revised model predictions versus stream measurements, as measured by the Nash‐Sutcliff coefficient of model efficiency, exceeded 0.8 for streamflow‐0.7 for sediment yield and dissolved nitrogen (N) and 0.6 for particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P). The revised GWLF model, with limited calibration, provides reasonable estimates of monthly streamflow, and nutrient and sediment loads in the Cannonsville watershed.     

试论环境监测数据审核

环境监测数据的审核，是质量保证工作的重要环节。文章联系工作实际，指出应从数据的原始性、检测的规范性、检测的时效性、数据的合格性和信息的完整性等方面对数据进行审核。在数据审核中应考虑数据的客观规律和污染指标的关联性。     

APPLICATION OF THE DR3M WATERSHED MODEL ON A SMALL URBAN BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Data collected at a 79-acre urban watershed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, were used to calibrate and verify the Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model, a parametric watershed model. Standard errors of estimate for the 38 calibration storms were 33 percent and 38 percent, respectively, for volumes and peaks; and for the 46 verification storms were 29 percent and 37 percent, respectively, for volumes and peaks. Correlation coefficients for peaks were 0.8 and 0.95, respectively, for calibration and verification storms.     

Mathematical Model on Flow Regime and Water Harvesting in Inundation Plains1

Abstract: A mathematical model on flow regime and water harvesting in inundation plains is presented. The flow profile is a free over‐fall at the end of the desired inundation. The flow front in the plain is on‐line for the entire coverage, in a sense that there is initiation of flow mass after each small reach of the flow traverse, and it is continuing to the extreme point of coverage. The water‐harvesting phenomenon depends upon the occurrences of the hydrologic events, the nature of surface flows in the valley, the expected favorable time of flood incidence, and the soil characteristics of the plains. The model has been tested for three micro‐watersheds of different soil characteristics. It is best suited to platykurtic nature of flood phenomenon in the study area, with the correlation co‐efficient in‐between computed and observed amount of water harvesting above 0.90.     

天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义

清洁生产是我国持续发展和科学发展的一项重要内容,也是实现我国污染控制重点由末端治理向生产过程控制转变的重要措施,而“清洁生产审核”是推行清洁生产的一种管理思路和方法。以中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司输气管理处为例进行清洁生产审核分析,阐述天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义。     

常用玻璃量器衡量法K(t)值数学模型的建立与探讨

介绍常用玻璃量器的检定原理和方法,并详细叙述了修正系数K(t)的数学模型建立的全过程。全面分析了模型中所有参数的相关性,在此基础上对模型进行了优化,去除了模型中次要参数,大大简化了数学模型,同时,修正了JJG196-2006《常用玻璃量器检定规程》中忽略大气压力参数的影响,导致可能出现检定结论出错的问题,并给出了优化后的数学模型表达式,分别给出了大气压力在110～50KPa之间的钠钙玻璃和硼硅玻璃量器的K(t)值表。     

我国环境技术验证(ETV)评估体系建设研究

在我国目前亟待建立以第三方测试为基础的环境技术验证评估体系的背景下,分析了目前我国的环境技术评估制度存在的问题,探讨了我国环境技术验证体系建设,提出在技术管理体系的建设过程中应建立与国际接轨、适合中国国情的环境技术验证评估制度体系及新技术推广机制,建立公正、科学、客观的验证评估方法和指标体系及质量保证程序,建立环境技术验证评估平台和信息平台,建立信誉良好、社会化的第三方评价机构。给出了验证评估体系建设亟需研究和开展工作内容的具体建议。