微波消解法快速测定渗滤液化学需氧量

针对国标回流法测定化学需氧量消耗时间长,分析费用高等不足,研究了微波消解法测定垃圾渗滤液的试验方法.通过微波消解功率、消解时间、催化剂用量等试验,确定了微波消解测定渗滤液CODCr的最佳条件.该方法具有省时间、省试剂、准确度高等优点.     

输电线路建设项目水土保持方案编制的几点认识

针对输电建设项目的特点,阐述了输电线路与一般线形建设项目水土保持方案的不同之处,提出了输电线路水土保持方案编制的程序、内容及方法.     

关于城市应急供水系统建设的思考

从城市应急供水系统建设的紧迫性和重要性出发,分析了目前我国城市应急供水系统存在的问题和造成城市非常供水的原因。构建了城市应急供水系统的框架,将其分成工程措施和非工程措施两部分,并阐述了工程措施的类型和实施方法,以及非工程措施的各项应急机制,对建立、健全城市应急供水系统进行了探讨。     

湘中地区恩口煤矿老采区复采的水害防治研究

湘中地区碳酸盐岩广泛分布,其中岩溶的发育受岩性、地貌、水文、构造运动等诸多因素的控制,主要分布在地下水排泄区,给煤炭资源的开发带来了严重水患。针对恩口煤矿水害问题,笔者在翔实的野外调查基础上,通过分析矿区水文地质条件、矿井水文地质特征;总结以往矿山防治水经验和教训;探讨今后老采区复采的防治水害方向和重点;认为壶天河的山口冲段、小碧河的西坪段、涟水河的杨家冲段等为重点防区,对河床铺底强度不可靠的部位应该重新加强铺底。     

节能减排 实现钢铁企业可持续发展

通过对钢铁行业消耗水资源及产生污染情况进行分析，阐述了目前钢铁行业为节能减排而采取的管理、技术、污染治理措施，以达到减少废水外排量、降低污染物浓度、降低新水消耗的目的，对钢铁行业废水回用中尚存和潜在的工艺、设计问题进行了讨论，同时提出了通过清洁生产、优化工艺结构来解决问题的措施和建议，确立了企业近期和长期的节能减排任务目标。     

泵串联水灭火系统在森林防火方面的应用

现阶段为了适应国际及国内防火形势,出现了以水灭火为主要形式的灭火方式,并且在实际灭火中体现出巨大的优势.其中泵串联水灭火就是一种很好的形式.林海集团设计了一套远距离接力水泵串联供水灭火系统,尝试以手抬水泵(消防泵)接力供水的方式,从有水源的地方经过消防泵的增压,通过消防水带输送到火场,为水灭火工作提供条件,以实现水灭火.     

含氯化钴添加剂细水雾灭火有效性的实验研究

在标准受限空间中,通过热态灭火实验对比分析了纯水细水雾和含氯化钴添加剂细水雾在不同添加荆浓度、工作压力下对煤油火的抑制效果.实验结果表明:含有氯化钴的细水雾比纯水细水雾具有更好的抑制效果.而细水雾的灭火时间并不是随着氯化钴的浓度变化而呈线性变化的,而是存在着一个最佳灭火浓度.实验表明:浓度为1.75%时的灭火效果最好.系统的工作压力也对细水雾的灭火性能有影响,在较高的工作压力下,细水雾的平均灭火时间较短.     

关于水处理工艺中摇蚊幼虫杀灭方法的探讨

摇蚊幼虫是城市给水处理中出现的新问题,对目前现有的研究方法进行了简要的综述.介绍了摇蚊幼虫的生活习性及出现的原因,并在此基础上阐述了现在采用的化学灭杀方法、物理灭杀方法及生物法对净水工艺中摇蚊幼虫的防治,对进一步研究提出建议.     

Water Use by Thermoelectric Power Plants in the United States1

Abstract: Thermoelectric power generation is responsible for the largest annual volume of water withdrawals in the United States although it is only a distant third after irrigation and industrial sectors in consumptive use. The substantial water withdrawals by thermoelectric power plants can have significant impacts on local surface and ground water sources, especially in arid regions. However, there are few studies of the determinants of water use in thermoelectric generation. Analysis of thermoelectric water use data in existing steam thermoelectric power plants shows that there is wide variability in unitary thermoelectric water use (in cubic decimeters per 1 kWh) within and among different types of cooling systems. Multiple‐regression models of unit thermoelectric water use were developed to identify significant determinants of unit thermoelectric water use. The high variability of unit usage rates indicates that there is a significant potential for water conservation in existing thermoelectric power plants.     

Use of Streamflow Data to Estimate Base Flow/Ground‐Water Recharge For Wisconsin1

Abstract: The average annual base flow/recharge was determined for streamflow‐gaging stations throughout Wisconsin by base‐flow separation. A map of the State was prepared that shows the average annual base flow for the period 1970‐99 for watersheds at 118 gaging stations. Trend analysis was performed on 22 of the 118 streamflow‐gaging stations that had long‐term records, unregulated flow, and provided aerial coverage of the State. The analysis found that a statistically significant increasing trend was occurring for watersheds where the primary land use was agriculture. Most gaging stations where the land cover was forest had no significant trend. A method to estimate the average annual base flow at ungaged sites was developed by multiple‐regression analysis using basin characteristics. The equation with the lowest standard error of estimate, 9.5%, has drainage area, soil infiltration and base flow factor as independent variables. To determine the average annual base flow for smaller watersheds, estimates were made at low‐flow partial‐record stations in 3 of the 12 major river basins in Wisconsin. Regression equations were developed for each of the three major river basins using basin characteristics. Drainage area, soil infiltration, basin storage and base‐flow factor were the independent variables in the regression equations with the lowest standard error of estimate. The standard error of estimate ranged from 17% to 52% for the three river basins.