葫芦岛市城市生活垃圾成分分析及处置对策

通过对葫芦岛市城市生活垃圾成分调查分析,基本掌握了垃圾物理成分组成、无机物百分比和有毒有害化学物质的含量,提出了对丹东市城市垃圾处置的建议.     

阿油槽岩溶塌陷浅析

文章阐述分析了阿油槽地区岩溶塌陷的水文地质背景,对该地区产生岩溶塌陷的基本条件、诱发因素及形成过程进行了分析,并针对其具体情况提出了岩溶防治及治理的措施.     

浅谈水电工程中混凝土生产系统环保措施

以现在水电工程建设中的混凝土生产系统为基础，从水土保护保持、废水、废气、废油排放，粉尘污染，噪声污染，交通运输，废料，生活废水，垃圾等方面为工程提供混凝土生产系统的环保控制措施。     

福州西湖水体富营养化现象分析（Ⅲ） Ⅲ、浮游植物群落结构

湖泊浮游植物的种类组成和数量不仅反映湖泊水体富营养水平，还直接影响到湖泊的水质状况。1999年夏至2000年春对福州西湖浮游植物群落结构 监测结果显示，福州西湖浮游植物种类丰富，但密度过大。采取有力措施，减少营养盐输入量， 是改善西湖富营养现状的当务之急。     

城市植物叶片含硫量与大气SO_2污染关系及其在污染状况评价中的应用

本文通过对南京市区29个采样点的采样和分析(市区14个点代表一般城市的环境状况、大厂区15个点代表重污染区的环境状况),确认法桐和女贞两种树木叶片含S量与大气中SO_2浓度密切相关。在一般污染状况下,线性回归方程即可很好地用于测算大气SO_2浓度,并评价污染等级;但在较重污染和严重污染的情况下,指数回归方程可以很好地测算大气SO_2浓度,并评价污染等级。     

A Comparison of Bacterial Indicators and Methods in Rural Surface Waters

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends the use of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci as indicators of enteric pathogens in fresh waters; however, fecal coliform analyses will remain important by virtue of the large amount of historic data collected in prior years. In this study, we attempted, in a real-world situation (i.e., a rural inland watershed in the Piedmont of South Carolina) to compare different bacterial indicators and methods to one another. We compared fecal coliforms, enumerated by membrane filtration with E. coli, enumerated by a commercialized enzyme substrate method and observed E. coli/fecal coliform ratios of 1.63 and 1.2 for two separate tests. In the same watershed, we observed an E. coli/fecal coliform ratio of 0.84 when we used the commercialized enzyme substrate method for both enumerations. Given these results, users of such data should exercise care when they make comparisons between historic membrane filtration data and data acquired through the use of the more modern enzymatic methods. Some sampling and side-by-side testing between methods in a specific watershed may be prudent before any conversion factors between old and new datasets are applied.     

火力发电行业开展排污单位自行监测关键问题探讨

自行监测是排污许可制度的重要技术支撑。针对火力发电行业自行监测质量参差不齐的现实情况,笔者依据国家颁布的技术指南和行业检测机构实践经验,在调查研究全国有代表性的21家火力发电厂自行监测开展情况的基础上,对制度、方案、机制、管理等方面的关键问题进行了探讨,提出了加强企业自行监测制度建设、借助专业机构支撑、创新监测监督联合机制、发挥集团管控作用等方面的措施建议。     

Assessing the Response of Estuarine Intertidal Assemblages to Urbanised Catchment Discharge

Measurement of intertidal rock assemblages was investigated as a potential biological indicator to provide a quantitative estimate of the impact of urbanised catchment discharge on the estuaries of Sydney, Australia, from 1995 to 1999. Based on the presence and characteristics of adjacent human activities, sampling locations were categorised as: Bush; Urban; Urban with Sewer Overflows; and Industry with Sewer Overflows. In Sydney Harbour, variation in assemblage structure was measured between most impact categories, however differences between impact categories were not consistent for each year. Nevertheless, in years of above average rainfall (1998–1999), reference assemblages adjacent to national parks and distant from urbanisation were different to all other putatively impacted assemblages. Variability within assemblages was least at reference locations in each year and greatest at locations adjacent to stormwater canals and sewer overflows, particularly in 1998–1999. Variation in assemblage structure in Sydney estuaries was most strongly correlated with chlorophyll – a concentrations. Univariate analysis also identified highly significant differences for a number of factors, however, interactions between year, impact categories and location for numerous analyses, confounded the differentiation between impact categories. The results suggest that intertidal rock assemblages in Sydney Harbour and surrounding estuaries appear to be responding to the quality and quantity of discharge from urbanised catchments and, furthermore, that assemblages are more suitable than individual taxa to indicate the difference between Bush and anthropogenically disturbed estuarine locations.     

New approach for habitat characterization based on species lists of aquatic and semiaquatic bugs

A new approach is proposed for the environmental impact assessment of fresh waters. New indices and the cenological values of aquatic and semiaquatic bug (Hemiptera) species have been obtained through multivariate analysis based on the species list of 157 localities in Hungary. The 45 species involved in this study can be characterized by their preference for habitat types on a linear scale ranging from small, shallow waters to large, deep waters. The habitats themselves can be characterized by the added cenological values of the species found.     

Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network's Proposed Core Monitoring Variables: An Early Warning of Environmental Change

This article reports on the evaluation of existing ecologicalmonitoring variables from a variety of sources to select a suiteof core variables suitable for monitoring at the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) sites located acrossCanada. The purpose of EMAN is to promote the acquisition of relevant and consistent data that can be used to report on national trends and provide an early warning of ecosystem change. Existing monitoring variables were evaluated in twosteps. In the first step, three primary criteria were used to pre-screen preliminary variables. In the second step, a moredetailed evaluation considered twenty criteria based on dataquality, applicability, data collection methods, data analysisand interpretation, existing data and programs, and cost effectiveness to select a draft set of core monitoring variables(CMV). An ecological framework was developed to organize the CMVin a manner that permitted a gap analysis to confirm the CMV assessed a wide range of relevant environment components. Thesuite of CMV were then tested to determine their effectiveness in detecting ecosystem change caused by stressors with ecosystemresponses that have been well documented in the literature. Thisproject is part of a process lead by Environment Canada to select CMV to detect and track ecosystem change at EMAN sites. It is anticipated that the proposed CMV will undergo future discussion and development leading to the final selection of asuite of CMV for use at EMAN sites.