武汉市3种类型湖泊浮游植物群落特点及关键影响因子

为揭示不同类型湖泊浮游植物群落特点及关键影响因子,于2018年春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对武汉市城市(UL)、郊野型(CL)和生态保育区(EL)这3种类型共24个湖泊174个采样点进行了浮游植物和水质参数采样调查.结果表明,3种类型湖泊共鉴定出浮游植物9门159属365种,绿藻门、蓝藻门和硅藻门的种类最多,分别占总物种数的55.34%、 15.89%和15.07%.浮游植物细胞密度变化范围为3.60×10⁶～421.99×10⁶ cell·L^-1,叶绿素a (Chla)变化范围为15.60～240.50μg·L^-1,生物量变化范围为27.71～379.79 mg·L^-1,香浓-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数变化范围为0.29～2.86.在3种类型湖泊中,EL和UL的细胞密度、 Chla和生物量均低于CL,而Shannon-Wiener多样性指数则相反.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果表明,3种类型湖泊浮游植物群落结构存在差异(Stres...     

重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力研究

重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、扩大绿色生态空间的重要区域,在实现全国生态资产保值增值方面发挥着重要作用。然而,现阶段围绕重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力开展的研究较少。为明确重点生态功能区生态资产保护的驱动力以及存在的问题,本文利用遥感影像并结合图像解译、GIS空间分析和数理统计等方法对重点生态功能区内生态资产展开分析,并将其与非重点生态功能区进行比较。研究结果显示:重点生态功能区内森林、灌丛、草地和湿地生态资产总面积为349.30万km~2,优级和良级生态资产占生态资产总面积的42.42%,生态资产综合指数为21.19。15年间,重点功能区内生态资产总面积增加0.05%,优级和良级生态资产面积占比分别增加0.59%和0.85%,生态资产综合指数增加2.94。重点生态功能区生态资产面积和质量增幅均小于非重点生态功能区,然而重点生态功能区生态资产指数增量高于非重点生态功能区。生态恢复是驱动重点生态功能区生态资产面积变化的主因,对原有生态资产的保护是促进生态资产指数增加的最主要驱动力(贡献率达81%),城镇化和农业开发对生态资产的不利影响不容忽视(贡献率达-6.81%)。研究表明,对重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效显著,同时还有较大提升空间。本研究也为优化重点生态功能区的城镇化和农业开发的管理提供了证据和参考。     

FECAL‐INDICATOR BACTERIA IN STREAMS ALONG A GRADIENT OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Fecal‐indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal‐coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two‐day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water‐quality standards.     

Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product

The increasing demand for environmental performance evaluation of industry requires development of sector-specific environmental performance indicators (EPIs). For the consumer product manufacturing industry, in this case the textile industry, the need to evaluate environmental performance both from process and product life cycle perspectives leads to development of EPIs of process and product dimensions. Such types of EPIs have been developed, with best achievable values being identified, by this study for cotton woven products and wet processing. An in-depth discussion has been presented concerning problems in developing and applying EPIs, while areas for further research are also recommended.     

Solar and Tidal Modulations of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal Waters at Huntington Beach,California

The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels.     

Holly (Ilex Aquifolium L.) As Zinc and Cadmium Accumulative Indicator in Biogeochemical Prospecting

The results of previous investigations in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany (Italy) appeared to point out the special aptitude of holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) in concentrating cadmium and zinc. in the present paper this behaviour has been verified in a mineralized area of Lombardy (Northern Italy).

Samples of leaves, twigs and barks from holly trees were collected, and metal contents (Zn, Cd, and Pb) have been determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). for comparison, some samples of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa L.) and soil were also analyzed.

The data obtained confirm a preferential cadmium and zinc accumulation by holly (up to 16 and 1400 μg g^-1 dry weight, respectively) also depending on different vegetal organs and vegetative stages of plants. Highest contents of lead have been recovered in the outer portion of bark.     

同江市面源污染的调查及治理对策

同江市面源污染的来源及近年来在面源污染治理方面取得了初步成绩,提出了今后应从行政,法律和技术方面出发,制定相应的治理水土流失,城市规划,农村规范管理及人畜等方面的治理措施.同时也提出对同江市面源污染的研究与治理仅仅是初步探讨,今后还要结合实际工作,做进一步的研究与探讨,以便为同江的发展提供一个更好的平台,创造一个和谐的发展空间.     

热压机防火问题探讨

针对企业在热压机防火 方面的薄弱环节，具体分析着火原因，从多方面提出了防范措施。     

蒸汽锅炉爆管事故原因分析与预防措施

通过一起锅炉损坏事故原因的分析,提出切实可行的防治措施,以防止类似事故的发生。     

影响环境质量的关键因子的识别方法

影响环境质量的因素很多 ,它们所起作用各异 ,为尽可能客观地找出其中的关键因子 ,有针对性地进行环境治理或准确地评价环境治理效果 ,设计了一套直接寻找关键因子的方法 ,称作增量趋势法。该法是利用环境监测数据Ci 与标准值Cis,计算出各因子的相对超标量 yi1=[Ci(t) -Cis]/Cis 及相对变化量yi2 =[Ci(t) -Ci(t- 1) ]/Ci(t- 1) ;根据相对超标量yi1和相对变化量 yi2的符号 (>0或≤ 0 )的不同组合方式 ,将各因子分成 4种状态 ,再在各状态中 ,依 yi1和 yi2 的数值大小进行子排序 ;最后 ,由各因子所处的状态与位次进行总排序 ,找出关键因子。为说明该方法如何运用 ,以南京市内秦淮河水质为例 ,分析了各水污染因子所处的状态 ,并进行了排序 ,同时还与传统方法做了简单的对比。结果表明增量趋势法具有如下特点 :(1)物理意义明确 ,分析方法简明 ,适宜于用计算机和环境信息数据库进行自动分析 ;(2 )由于增量趋势法是利用原始监测数据 ,通过简单运算来寻找关键因子的 ,因此 ,能客观地判别各污染因子所起的作用 ,揭示污染治理的效果 ,找出污染加剧的原因 ,增加评价的准确性 ,减少治理时的盲目性 ;(3)趋势增量法同时还考虑了污染因子的动态演变过程 ,可分析随时间推移各因子趋于好转或恶化的变化趋势 ,与许多静态方