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971.
972.
Mark Begonia John Humm Alok Shah Frank A. Pintar Narayan Yoganandan 《Traffic injury prevention》2018,19(8):S159-S161
ABSTRACTObjective: This study analyzed the influence of reference sensor inputs from anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) versus postmortem human subjects (PMHSs) on simulations of frontal blunt impacts to the advanced combat helmet (ACH).Methods: A rigid-arm pendulum was used to generate frontal impacts to ACHs mounted on ATDs and PMHS. An appropriately sized ACH was selected according to standard fitting guidelines. The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head was selected for ATD tests due to shape features that enabled a realistic helmet fit. A custom procedure was used to mount a reference sensor internally near the center of gravity (CG) of the PMHS. Reference sensor data from the head CG were used as inputs for the Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon). Brain responses were assessed with the cumulative strain damage measure set at 10%, or CSDM(10).Results: Compared to ATD tests, PMHS tests produced 18.7% higher peak linear accelerations and 5.2% higher peak angular velocities. Average times to peak for linear accelerations were relatively similar between ATDs (5.5?ms) and PMHSs (5.8?ms). However, times to peak for angular velocities were higher by a factor of up to 3.4 for PMHSs compared to ATDs. Values for were also higher by a factor of up to 13.1 when PMHS inputs were used for SIMon.Conclusions: The preliminary findings of this work indicate that small differences in ATD versus PMHS head kinematics could lead to large differences in strain-derived brain injury metrics such as CSDM. 相似文献
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974.
提出了3种检测危险频率的方法。正弦扫频法以正弦扫频试验为基础,测量设备的响应曲线以识别危险频率;随机法基于频响函数随机测试原理,并利用FFT谱分析与随机信号处理技术,可根据情况分别采用幅频特性检测法、分量检测法、矢量检测法;脉冲法(锤击)的原理是利用锤头与设备敲击时产生的瞬态脉冲,从而激发出设备在一定频带内的危险频率。还从使用角度提出了一些建议。 相似文献
975.
Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:32
Introduction The fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment of nature water resource has been studied and put into practice extensively in recent years (Qin, 2003; Liang and Jiang, 2002; Zhu and Lv et al., 1994). By using the fuzzy mathematic… 相似文献
976.
We use data from a survey of several hundred lakes in the northeastern United States by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to illustrate an approach to identifying promising indicators of lake condition. We construct a hypothetical gold standard of water quality from the first principal component of 16 chemical variables measured in the lakes, and examine its associations with 71 candidate indicators based on measurements of human activity, birds, fish and zooplankton in the lakes or their watersheds. Nonparametric summaries of these associations – based on rank correlations and receiver-operating-characteristic curves – suggest that variables summarizing the extent of human disturbance are generally the strongest indicators. To the extent that our water-quality variable is a useful proxy for ecological condition, our results suggest that easily-obtained measures of human activity are at least as predictive as many of the harder-to-measure biological indicators that have been proposed. 相似文献
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979.
全国及重点区域臭氧污染现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析2013—2016年中国开展臭氧(O_3)监测的338个城市(港、澳、台不在统计范围)O_3污染现状和时空变化特征,结果表明:中国城市O_3污染日益突出,2015年54个城市O_3超标,75.9%的O_3超标城市位于京津冀及周边、长三角、珠三角区域,O_3区域污染特征显著。74个城市O_3浓度整体呈上升趋势并向高值区集中,京津冀区域O_3污染最为严重。O_3污染季节变化特征明显,O_3污染主要集中于5—10月,京津冀、长三角和珠三角区域O_3最高超标天数分别出现在6、5、10月。建议加强O_3成因分析,建立O_3污染控制策略,有效应对O_3污染,实现科学减排。 相似文献
980.
Joanne L. Pottier Hans P. Deuel Sara C. Pryor 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):459-467
Modelled and measured indicator species ratios of O3/NOz, O3/NOy, H2O2/HNO3, HCNO/NOy for the Lower Fraser Valley were compared with VOC-NOx-O3 sensitivity threshold values reported in previous studies. Modelled region - specific indicator ratio thresholds derived from 50% NOx and 50% VOC reduction scenarios are provided. They show strongest agreement with the H2O2/HNO3 ratio values found elsewhere. A clear transition region for the LFV from VOC to NOx sensitivity could not be identified, but there is evidence that O3 concentrations in the western valley, dominated by metropolitan Vancouver, are VOC sensitive, and the more rural eastern valley O3 concentrations exhibit greater NOx sensitivity. The UAM-V Process Analysis utility was used to identify physical and chemical mechanisms which contributed to O3 formation and destruction and indicate the key importance of entrainment from elevated layers generated by the highly complex meteorological conditions in determining near surface O3 concentrations. 相似文献