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791.
792.
声波反吹清灰对除尘效率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
声波反吹清灰会使除尘效率略有降低,已被实验和统计资料所证实。为减小其对除尘效率的影响,又要达到降低除尘器运行阻力的目的,必须选择合适的鸣喇叭次数。对于较难脱落的粉尘应选较多的鸣喇叭次数,而对较易脱落的粉尘则不需每次清灰都鸣喇叭,仅需偶而启动一次。本文通过实验证明,对本实验所用的除尘系统,每四次反吹清灰后鸣喇叭一次是合适的。 相似文献
793.
金川县地处青藏高原向横断山脉深切峡谷过渡地带,在土地利用上具有明显的立体结构。森林采伐、土地开垦都在不断改变土地利用的状况。怎样合理利用土地,成为目前突出的问题。本文以1/20万土地利用现状图量算面积及1984年以前的统计资料为基础,着重分析了土地利用结构及其调整问题。 相似文献
794.
Land use/cover in Northeast China went through extensive changes during the 1990s. This report explores the interaction between
these changes and the environment, and the implication of these changes for rational allocation of water resources. Two maps
of land use/cover produced from 1990 and 2000 Landsat TM satellite images were overlaid in ArcInfo to reveal changes in land
cover. Results indicate that farmland and grassland decreased by 386,195 and 140,075 ha, respectively, while water, built-up
areas, and woodland increased by 238,596, 194,231, and 192,682 ha, respectively. These changes bore a mutual relationship
with the environmental change. On the one hand, climate warming made some of these changes (e.g., conversion of woodland and
grassland to farmland) possible. On the other hand, the changed surface cover modified the local climate. These changes, in
turn, caused severe environmental degradation and increased flooding. The change between dry field and rice paddy, in particular,
raised severe implications for the proper allocation of limited water resources in the Northeast. Efforts are needed to coordinate
their rational allocation to reap maximum and sustainable return over the entire area, not just in some localities. Results
obtained in this study should be of interest to the international audience of Environmental Management in that they highlight the interactive nature of human activities and the environment and the off-site impact of these activities
on the environment. 相似文献
795.
This paper describes a remote sensing approach used to monitor temporal land use/cover (LULC) changes in Cukurova, an extensive coastal plain in the southeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The area has varied terrain ranging from low-lying alluvial deposits to rocky hills and mountains characterized by limestone outcrops. The ecological and economic importance of the area can be attributed to the existence of important coastal ecosystems (e.g., wetlands and sand dunes) and a wide range of industries located along the eastern coast. Temporal changes in the coastal landscape between 1984 and 2000 were evaluated using digital interpretation of remotely sensed satellite data. Pairwise comparison methods were used to quantify changes from 1984 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000 using multitemporal Landsat TM and ETM+ images, acquired in 1984, 1993, and 2000, respectively. Total change area was 2448 ha from 1984 to 1993 and increased more than twofold, to 6072 ha from 1993 to 2000. Change trends were determined using the information provided from individual change detection outputs of different periods. The most prominent changes were estimated to have occurred in agriculture, urban, and natural vegetation cover. Agriculture has increasingly grown over marginal areas, whereas urban development occurred at the expense of prime croplands across both time steps. 相似文献
796.
Mekong River Fish Conservation Zones in Southern Laos: Assessing Effectiveness Using Local Ecological Knowledge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Small-scale fisheries are important in Laos, where rural people heavily depend upon Mekong River and tributary fish stocks
for their livelihoods. Increasing pressures from human exploitation and habitat disturbance, however, have raised serious
concerns about the potential depletion of various species. This has led to the establishment of large numbers of Fish Conservation
Zones (FCZs) or “no-take” fish sanctuaries in southern Laos based on a “community-based fisheries co-management” framework.
This study uses the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers to assess the effectiveness of village-managed FCZs in enhancing
fish stocks in the mainstream Mekong River in Khong District, Champasak Province. Focus group interviews about species that
are believed to have benefited from different FCZs are compared with parameters such as FCZ area, age, depth, localized gradient,
water velocity, and the presence of wetland forests nearby. The results suggest that no one aspect is likely to account for
variations in fish stocks; rather, it is the interaction between numerous factors that has the largest impact. Secondly, the
results indicate that microhabitat diversity and protection are critical for maintaining and enhancing Mekong fisheries. Deep-water
pools are particularly important as dry season refuges for many fish species, and FCZ depth may be the single most important
environmental factor affecting the success of FCZs in the Mekong River. FCZs have the most potential to benefit relatively
sedentary species, but may also benefit highly migratory species, given the right conditions. This study shows that integrated
approaches to stock assessment that employ LEK and scientific fisheries management have considerable potential for improving
Mekong capture-fisheries management. 相似文献
797.
We developed logistic regression models from data on biotic and abiotic variables for 172 sites on Banks Peninsula, New Zealand,
to predict the probability of occurrence of two diadromous fish, banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) and koaro (G. brevipinnis). Banded kokopu occurrence was positively associated with small streams and low-intensity land uses (e.g., sheep grazing
or forested), whereas intensive land uses (e.g., mixed sheep and cattle farming) and lack of riparian forest cover impacted
negatively on occurrence at sampled sites. Also, if forests were positioned predominantly in lowland areas, banded kokopu
occurrence declined with increasing distance to stream mouth. Koaro occurrence was positively influenced by catchment forest
cover, high stream altitudes, and areas of no farming activity or mixed land uses. Intensive land uses, distance to stream
mouth, and presence of banded kokopu negatively influenced koaro occupancy of stream reaches. Banded kokopu and koaro presence
was predicted in 86.0% and 83.7% agreement, respectively, with field observations. We used the models to quantify the amount
of stream reaches that would be of good, moderate, and poor quality, based on the probability of occurrences of the fish being
greater than 0.75, between 0.75 and 0.5, or less than 0.5, respectively. Hindcasting using historical data on vegetation cover
undertaken for one catchment, Pigeon Bay, showed they would have occupied most of the waterway before anthropogenic modification.
We also modeled potential future scenarios to project potential fish distribution. 相似文献
798.
799.
在概述了自然资源和自然资源系统含义的基础上,分析了自然资源系统在人类发展的不同阶段(采集狩猎社会、原始农业社会、传统农业社会、工业社会、后工业社会、知识经济社会)的演化过程及其主要特征,并从自然界和人类活动两个方面探讨了自然资源系统演化的动力机制。 相似文献
800.
Soil erosion under different vegetation covers in the Venezuelan Andes 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This comparative study of soil erosion considered different environments in an ecological unit of the Venezuelan Andes. The soils belong to an association of typic palehumults and humic dystrudepts. Soil losses were quantified by using erosion plots in areas covered by four types of vegetation, including both natural and cultivated environments. The highest soil erosion rate evaluated corresponded to horticultural crops in rotation: reaching a value of 22 Mg ha–1 per year. For apple tree (Malus sylvestris Miller) plots, soil losses reached values of 1.96 Mg ha–1 per year. Losses from pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.) plots, without livestock grazing, were as high as 1.11 Mg ha–1 during the second year of the experiment. The highest soil losses generated from plots under natural forest were equal to 0.54 Mg ha–1 per year. Environmental factors such as total and effective rainfall, runoff, and some soil characteristics as those related to soil losses by water erosion were evaluated. The type of management applied to each site under different land use type and the absence of conservation practices explain, to a large extent, the erosive processes and mechanisms. 相似文献