成都市生态城市建设的路径设计

文章结合成都市自然资源的优势和特点,依据生态原理的基本思想,从城市河流生态的保护与建设;成都绿化的生态建设与城市生态社区示范建设;城乡融合生态系统的基本设计;成都郊县市生态农业、生态聚落的建设和生态建设总体布局与功能分区等五个方面进行了具体的分析,提出了相关的设计路径和措施。     

Water protection against pollution

Science-policy integration is one of the many complex challenges that scientific and policy-making communities are facing. It involves knowledge sharing and exchanges among a wide range of disciplines and actors. In many instances, the lack of proper communication and of a coordination mechanism leads to research outputs not being used or simply known by policy-makers, and to policy research needs not being communicated to the scientific communities in a timely fashion. This paper discusses the integration of scientific and technological progress into the policy-making and implementation process, with emphasis on water policies. It highlights the need and complexity of developing a knowledge-based approach which would enable to lead to an operational science-policy interface linked to WISE (Water Information System for Europe), including the newly developed WISERTD webportal (). The views expressed in this paper are purely those of the author and do not in any circumstances reflect an official position of the European Commission.     

中蒙边境典型草原可燃物热解动力学研究

以中蒙边境(包括东乌旗、 二连浩特市、 新巴尔虎右旗)的草原可燃物为研究对象,利用STA 6000热重分析仪,采用热重分析法以5 ml/min,10 ml/min,20 ml/min,30 ml/min的氧气为载气,在空气气氛下,升温速率分别为40℃/min,60℃/min,80℃/min时对三个地区草原可燃物的热失重...     

农村工业化进程中的土地资源优化配置研究——以浙江永康市为例

在阐述农村工业化与土地资源优化配置关系问题的基础上，以浙江永康市为例，对当前我国农村工业化过程中土地资源优化配置问题进行了研究。研究表明，永康目前处于工业化中期阶段，工业用地扩张趋势明显，但同时也存在用地结构布局不甚合理、集约利用程度较低以及环境影响等问题。解决这些问题可通过切实保护耕地，合理安排建设用地规模与布局，提高土地集约利用率和控制环境污染等有效途径。     

三峡环坝旅游一体化与兴山县旅游发展研究

基于三峡环坝旅游圈的现状，根据三峡旅游格局的变化就三峡库区兴山县旅游发展进行了SWOT分析，提出了兴山县融入三峡环坝旅游一体化发展的战略要点与主要对策。     

Review, development and monitoring of national sustainable development strategies in Ghana

Agenda 21 requires that countries adopt ‘national sustainable development strategies’ (NSDS), and this has been emphasized in several international commitments. Ghana has contributed to the methodology for peer review of such national strategies, as well as to guidelines designed by OECD and the United Nations for the NSDS process. Ghana has also adopted mechanisms to manage its own development planning in a sustainable manner. This article highlights various types of frameworks for sustainable development currently operating in Ghana, and considers to what extent they conform to NSDS principles. The article concludes that Ghana has made progress in several ways, but faces some of the same challenges as other countries in adhering to sustainability principles. The article offers recommendations as to how Ghana can achieve sustainable development. The article is an independent assessment by the author, who has also formulated most of the recommendations, except where otherwise indicated.     

National minerals policies and stakeholder participation for broad-based development in the southern African development community (SADC)

This paper explains how the well-accepted concept of improved stakeholder participation during mineral policy development leads to a national mineral policy that accommodates the diverging views and interests that allows wide acceptance of decisions, enhancing the success of implementation and, ultimately, national benefits. This process is based on lessons learnt during the South African experience and has been successfully applied in the development of the Namibian and Malawian national minerals policies. An effective policy in the SADC will engineer the delicate balance between poverty reduction and an internationally competitive minerals sector. This balance enhances the possibility of long-term economic growth and development in the SADC region. The overriding advantage of this strategy is that it generates ‘home-grown’ policy instruments and implementation of mineral law with which stakeholders can identify. This process presents a new challenge to traditional policy formulation strategies in emerging economies and the bottom-up approach, linked to wide political support, allows the potential realisation of national objectives.     

中国西藏开发中的“长江战略”问题研究

西藏地处我国西部 ,西藏开发是西部大开发的重要组成部分。通过对长江经济带和西藏开发的关系及西藏发展的历史、现状和问题的分析 ,认为长江经济带有能力 ,也有必要支持西藏自治区的发展。根据西藏目前的发展现状和存在的问题来看 ,长江经济带有必要在新的背景条件下 ,寻求更好的战略模式促进西藏开发。也即同西藏两地通过文化交流促进经济融合 ,以改变观念为出发点 ,拓展潜在市场为目标 ,达到促进西藏开发和长江经济带进一步发展的双重目的。长江战略的实施要点包括 :(1)推广双语学习 ,以文化交流促进经济融合 ;(2 )提高藏语教学的师资质量 ,改善劳动力整体素质 ;(3)让一部分藏民先富起来 ,成为西藏开发的中坚力量 ;(4)合作协助发展交通、通讯等基础设施 ,完善交流手段 ;(5 )帮助扶植西藏地区的起步产业 ,逐步培养自立发展经济的能力     

大气化学模式的数值计算方法

大气化学模式计算的一个重要研究热点是如何快速精确地对相互关联的非线性常微分方程组(ODES)进行数值积分求解。由于大气中各物种寿命长短相差很大,导致ODE_s具有了很强的刚性,因而在数值求算过程中存在着计算精度和计算效率的平衡问题。笔者介绍了当前几种常见的大气化学模式的计算方法,包括GEAR,QSSA(MQSSA),Y&B(MY&B),RADM,LSODE,SMVGEAR,小参数法,Gong and Cho及TWOSTEP等,并结合当前本领域内的部分研究成果对一些重要的方法进行了比较和分析。      

GIS-based assessment of the threat to world forests by patterns of non-sustainable civilisation nature interaction

The paper presents a novel transdisciplinary approach to investigate non-sustainable civilisation–nature interactions in the context of global change. The approach rests on the decomposition of intricate dynamics of Global Change into problematic patterns civilisation nature interactions (‘syndromes’) this is done by an iterative process of observations, data and theoretical system analysis and GIS-based modelling attempts. These syndromes of global change characterise endangering and risky developments of civilisation nature interaction and represent a baseline for measuring and indicating ‘non-sustainability’; in order to have a sustainable development it is necessary to have a far-reaching absence of syndromes. They encompass the core problems of global change, e.g. soil degradation, climate change, threats to biodiversity or global deforestation. Patterns are defined as characteristic constellations of global change trends (‘symptoms’). Cause–effect schemes of symptoms and their interrelations are constituted as complex phenomena resulting from interactions over the different spheres of the Earth system (biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, population, pedosphere, economy, psychosocial sphere, social organisation, science and technology). The approach is illustrated by an analysis of civilisation–nature interaction patterns relevant for global deforestation. Global forest ecosystems have been chosen for this investigation because of their important role in the global carbon cycle and their importance for biological diversity. The resulting geographical patchwork of the combined dispositions and intensities of the different syndromes describes current and future regional threats to forests by their underlying global cause–effect patterns of civilisation–nature interaction.