城乡融合评价研究综述：内涵辨识、理论认知与体系重构

科学的城乡融合评价是城乡融合工作的重要环节,是建立健全城乡融合体制机制的基础。以“内涵辨识—理论认知—体系重构”为逻辑主线,从城乡融合的概念内涵、基础理论、评价指标、评价方法、评价尺度及演化机理等方面,开展城乡融合评价综述。研究表明：学界对城乡融合概念与内涵的认识基本一致,且已有一定理论基础;城乡融合评价指标选取呈现多维化、多属性化特征,但指标体系构建尚未突破静态性层面;定量评价方法较为单一;研究尺度整体偏向中宏观,缺少微观视角下的量化以及不同融合模式对比研究;城乡融合的时空分异格局及其机理研究亟待进一步深化。对此,提出了以下五点展望：（1）加强基础理论体系建设,完善系统研究框架构建;（2）优化多维评价指标体系,识别城乡融合发展模式;（3）深化城乡要素流动机制,推动城乡空间均衡发展;（4）加强微观尺度细节挖掘,健全城乡融合推进机制;（5）强化数字经济赋能作用,创新城乡高质量融合发展机制。     

水环境材料——悬浮填料的绿色设计

将绿色设计和优化设计结合起来应用到悬浮填料设计中,建立基于绿色设计的悬浮填料优化模型,使设计的产品既满足产品的性能目标,又满足环境目标。并采用融合悬浮填料的功能、几何、加工、工况分析、工艺等全部设计信息的设计平台进行设计实践,达到了塑胶悬浮填料的CADCAMCAECAPP一体化,在设计时采用一系列仿真手段来消除后续产品试制过程中产品浪费和环境污染。     

炼化一体工业废水污染物全过程控制

针对当前炼化一体工业废水污染物治理存在"重末端,轻过程"的问题,从全过程控制实现该类废水的污染物减排。依据炼油及化工废水特征采用经济高效的技术措施形成"源头─过程─末端"的全过程减排链。在生产过程推行清洁生产,从源头控制减少污染物的产生;通过预处理资源化利用废水中污染物,强化降解对末端处理影响大的污染物,过程控制减少污染物排放;末端分质处理性质不同的炼油与化工废水,确保废水达标排放。     

油气长输管道安全监控预警系统设计与实现

为加强和完善油气长输管道安全监控手段,设计了基于全景化理念的油气长输管道智能化、一体化安全监控预警系统,综合提高人防、物防、技防管理水平,有效监控各类安全风险隐患,及时预防重大安全事故的发生。该系统涉及的关键技术包括全景化安全监控预警、智能化安全巡检融合等。     

填埋场释放气体运移分析的新解法

针对填埋场释放气体运移问题的求解方法进行了研究,提出了空间上运用无网格伽辽金法离散而时间上采用增维精细积分法离散的新解法,导出了相关的数值计算公式。结果表明,本解法的数值解与理论解吻合较好。本方法的计算过程稳定性和精度受时间步长大小影响比有限差分法小得多。前后数据处理相当方便。     

人工湿地资源价值整体调整系数研究

构造人工湿地整体指标评价体系,采用三标度层次分析法计算权重初值,并结合Delphi专家咨询法和神经网络BP算法计算权重调整值,利用整体调整系数对人工湿地资源价值进行调整计算。以沈阳市马官桥人工湿地为例,计算出整体调整系数为1.2945,表明调整前的资源价值计算结果偏低;调整后资源价值为20453.98万元,比调整前增加4664.3万元,经济效益更加显著。     

城乡融合视角下淮海经济区城乡转型特征与路径

城乡融合不仅是社会经济结构的转换过程,也是城乡持续转型过程。以淮海经济区为研究区,剖析了城乡融合发展面临的困境,通过城乡转型多维定量评价与比较,诊断了研究区城乡融合状态,提出了推进城乡融合发展的路径。结果表明:(1)淮海经济区城乡融合发展面临"两分离一切变"而导致的"三不足"的困境,即传统农区的"居业分离"、资源型城市的"产城分离"和省际交界区的"切变效应",导致乡村转型的内在动力不足、城市对乡村的辐射带动力不足和城乡公共服务供给的区域协同力不足。(2)城乡转型状态呈现出经济、社会和空间多维相关的特征,转型过程的城乡异速不同步和转型格局的城乡异构非均衡现象并存;采用对比聚类法,划分出城乡转型滞后型、乡村转型滞后型、城市转型滞后型和城乡转型同步型四种类型。(3)推进淮海经济区城乡融合发展的关键是要突破城乡二元结构和区域发展"碎片化"困境,分类推进城乡协同转型发展,加强省际交界区城乡发展的跨域协同。     

Simulated photo-degradation of dissolved organic matter in lakes revealed by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix with regional integration and parallel factor analysis

Simulated photo-degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM) in Lake Baihua(BH) and Lake Hongfeng(HF) was investigated with three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3 DEEM) fluorescence combined with the fluorescence regional integration(FRI),parallel factor(PARAFAC) analysis,and multi-order kinetic models.In the FRI analysis,fulvic-like and humic-like materials were the main constituents for both BH-FDOM and HF-FDOM.Four individual components were identified by use of PARAFAC analysis as humic-like components(C1),fulvic-like components(C2),protein-like components(C3) and unidentified components(C4).The maximum 3 DEEM fluorescence intensity of PARAFAC components C1-C3 decreased by about 60%,70% and 90%,respectively after photo-degradation.The multi-order kinetic model was acceptable to represent the photo-degradation of FDOM with correlation coefficient(R_(adj)~2)(0.963-0.998).The photo-degradation rate constants(k_n) showed differences of three orders of magnitude,from 1.09 x 10~(-6) to 4.02 x 10~(-4) min-1,and half-life of multi-order model(T_(1/2)~n)ranged from 5.26 to 64.01 min.The decreased values of fluorescence index(FI) and biogenic index(BI),the fact that of percent fluorescence response parameter of Region I(P_(Ⅰ,n)) showed the greatest change ratio,followed by percent fluorescence response parameter of Region II(P_(Ⅱ,n),while the largest decrease ratio was found for C3 components,and the lowest T_(1/2)~n was observed for C3,indicated preferential degradation of protein-like materials/components derived from biological sources during photodegradation.This research on the degradation of FDOM by 3 DEEM/FRI-PARAFAC would be beneficial to understanding the photo-degradation of FD OM in natural environments and accurately predicting the environmental behaviors of contaminants in the presence of FDOM.     

双重预防机制与现行安全管理体系的融合研究

双重预防机制工作是国家应急管理部近年来积极推进的一项特色安全管理工作。通过研究现在实行的安全管理体系涉及双重预防机制的内容,探讨了双重预防机制在企业运行过程中存在的问题,提出了建议措施,对企业各类安全管理体系的融合建设和安全生产管理水平提升具有借鉴意义。     

A joint climate and nature cure: A transformative change perspective

Climate change has considerably dominated science-policy dialogue, public debate, and subsequently environmental policies since the three “Rio Conventions” were born. This has led to practically independent courses of action of climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation actions, neglecting potential conflicts among outcomes and with missed opportunities for synergistic measures. Transformative governance principles have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Using a transformative governance lens, we use the case of the Norwegian "Climate Cure 2030" for the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector to, first, illustrate the mechanisms that have led to the choice of climate mitigation measures; second, to analyze the potential consequences of these measures on biodiversity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; and, third, to evaluate alternative measures with potential positive outcomes for biodiversity and GHG emissions/removals. We point to some mechanisms that could support the implementation of these positive actions.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01679-8.