Habitat Improvements and Fish Community Response Associated with an Agricultural Two‐Stage Ditch in Mower County,Minnesota

Water quality and stream habitat in agricultural watersheds are under greater scrutiny as hydrologic pathways are altered to increase crop production. Ditches have been traditionally constructed to remove water from agricultural lands. Little attention has been placed on alternative ditch designs that are more stable and provide greater habitat diversity for wildlife and aquatic species. In 2009, 1.89 km of a conventional drainage ditch in Mower County, Minnesota, was converted to a two‐stage ditch (TSD) with small, adjacent floodplains to mimic a natural system. Cross section surveys, conducted pre‐ and post‐construction, generally indicate a stable channel with minor adjustments over time. Vegetation surveys showed differences in species composition and biomass between the slopes and the benches, with changes ongoing. Longitudinal surveys demonstrated a 12‐fold increase in depth variability. Fish habitat quality improved with well‐sorted gravel riffles and deeper pool habitat. The biological response to improved habitat quality was investigated using a Fish Index of Biological Integrity (FIBI). Our results show higher FIBI scores post‐construction with scores more similar to natural streams. In summary, the TSD demonstrated improvements in riparian and instream habitat quality and fish communities, which showed greater fish species richness, higher percentages of gravel spawning fish, and better FIBI scores. This type of management tool could benefit ditches in other regions where gradient and geology allow.     

Biological Connectivity of Seasonally Ponded Wetlands across Spatial and Temporal Scales

Many species that inhabit seasonally ponded wetlands also rely on surrounding upland habitats and nearby aquatic ecosystems for resources to support life stages and to maintain viable populations. Understanding biological connectivity among these habitats is critical to ensure that landscapes are protected at appropriate scales to conserve species and ecosystem function. Biological connectivity occurs across a range of spatial and temporal scales. For example, at annual time scales many organisms move between seasonal wetlands and adjacent terrestrial habitats as they undergo life‐stage transitions; at generational time scales, individuals may disperse among nearby wetlands; and at multigenerational scales, there can be gene flow across large portions of a species’ range. The scale of biological connectivity may also vary among species. Larger bodied or more vagile species can connect a matrix of seasonally ponded wetlands, streams, lakes, and surrounding terrestrial habitats on a seasonal or annual basis. Measuring biological connectivity at different spatial and temporal scales remains a challenge. Here we review environmental and biological factors that drive biological connectivity, discuss implications of biological connectivity for animal populations and ecosystem processes, and provide examples illustrating the range of spatial and temporal scales across which biological connectivity occurs in seasonal wetlands.     

磁絮凝预处理景观湖泊的补水试验研究

为了快速净化景观湖泊的补水,采用磁絮凝法对Ⅴ类甚至劣Ⅴ类河道水体进行预处理,设计正交试验,分析了絮凝剂(PAC)、助凝剂(PAM)以及磁铁粉的投加量对预处理效果的影响,并利用正交试验法和多指标综合评分法进一步优化磁絮凝预处理工艺参数,结果表明最佳工艺参数为:磁铁粉加入量100 mg/L,PAC投加量150 mg/L,PAM投加量2 mg/L。在此最佳工艺参数下,进行验证试验,COD去除率达到50.39%,TP去除率为96.65%,浊度去除率为91.59%,氨氮去除率为6.31%,除氨氮外,其他各指标基本均能达到地表水环境Ⅲ类水体标准,达到了预处理目的,为后续深度净化减轻负荷压力。     

辽河流域生态景观结构变化及驱动力研究

对辽河流域景观结构进行分析的结果表明,2000年-2010年间,辽河流域自然景观类型面积变化不明显,结构稳定;而人工景观变化明显,居民区、交通用地等人工表面持续增加,农田面积持续减少,景观破碎化趋势明显.生态环境保护政策的实施使林地、草地、湿地等自然景观得到保护,为流域生态系统的演替提供了正向干扰;工业化进程和人口增长作为流域景观变化的主要驱动力,是人工表面增加和农田面积减少及破碎化的直接原因.     

中国火山/火山岩景观地质公园展望

本文概略介绍了中国大陆4个火山(岩)为主题的世界地质公园和16个国家地质公园,以及中国香港和中国台湾的两个地质公园。文章还介绍了这些地质公园火山岩喷发时代、火山类型、大地构造环境和火山(岩)景观特征与分类。它们的喷发时代主要为更新世-全新世、中新世、始新世和白垩纪。四个时期的火山地质公园,在不同年代火山中均具代表性与典型性,为中国火山/火山岩研究提供了真实的材料。作者还针对火山地质公园建设现状提出加强科学研究与实施解说系统工程两条建议。     

浅谈生态环境影响评价中的景观生态学法

景观生态学是近十几年发展起来的一门新兴学科,且现代景观生态学己经成为生态学领域中令人瞩目的一个分支,其发展为生态环境评价提供了有力的工具,近几年国家环境保护部<非污染生态影响评价技术导则>引入景观生态学的概念框架和理论方法,主要运用景观生态学中的优势度原理,通过对优势度的计算,分析项目建设前后优势度的变化情况,评价由于项目建设引起的生态环境影响.本文通过对景观生态学历史、现状以及未来发展趋势的研究,体现景观生态学法在现今生态环境影响评价中的重要作用.     

大庆油田景观生态规划研究

通过大庆油田景观生态现状调查,分析存在的景观生态环境问题,提出切合实际的景观生态规划目标和原则,综合考虑油田生产设施用地、城镇用地、耕地、草地、林地、湿地以及未利用土地等因素,制定以土地利用类型、方式、强度和布局调整及生态基础设施建设为主的规划措施,旨在维护油田景观生态格局在区域背景下的功能和结构的完整和健康,强化景观生态系统生物生产、环境服务和文化支持的功能,实现油田生产与生态环境和谐共生。     

浅谈水库风景区建设在生态保护与修复中的利用——以孝感市为例

在市场经济的条件下,开展水库生态风景区建设,要充分利用库区旅游资源开发带来的经济效益,结合水库风景的特点,按供需平衡关系,改变资源利用形式,按边沿景现再造模式,多层次、可持续地开发与保护水库资源,促进水利风景区的健康发展.     

刍议生态城市建设的意义

生态城市这一崭新的城市概念和发展模式一经提出,就受到全球的广泛关注。生态城市是现代城市发展的高级阶段,是依托现有城市,根据生态学原理,并应用现代科学与技术等手段逐步创建,在"生态文明"时代形成的可持续发展的人居模式。文章阐述了生态城市的内涵,系统地分析了生态城市与传统城市的差异;提出了促进城市生态化发展的途径,为中国生态城市的建设指出了发展方向和理论依据。