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481.
我国生态教育体系建设 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
生态教育是可持续发展的重要基础,文章分析了我国当前生态教育的现状和存在问题,提出生态教育体系建设的指导思想和终身教育、全民教育、分阶段实施、区别对待、因势利导的建设原则,构建了学校生态教育和社会生态教育的主要内容,对城乡生态教育不同侧重点进行了分析,并提出了保障该体系顺利建设的对策与措施。 相似文献
482.
Conservation Biology of Caecilian Amphibians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: Most of the available data on declining populations of amphibians pertain to frogs and, to a lesser extent, salamanders. In keeping with their generally less understood biology, the population trends and conservation status of caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) are also much less known. We reviewed reports of threats to and declines of populations of caecilians. Despite a lack of field-study details (e.g., localities, dates, and sampling methods) and quantitative data, there are several recent reports of threats to and declines and extinctions of caecilians. A range of causal explanations (habitat loss, pollution, chytridiomycosis, and scientific collecting) for these perceived declines have been proposed but little or no associated evidence has been given. Although caecilians are often considered rare and thought to require pristine habitat, published, quantitative data demonstrate that at least some species can occur in high abundance in disturbed, synanthropic environments. Few estimates of caecilian population parameters have been made and very few field methods have been tested, so the assumed rarity of any taxa remains inadequately demonstrated. Distribution and taxonomic data are also inadequate. Because they are generally poorly known and often cryptic, caecilians can be overlooked in standard faunal surveys, meaning that lack of opportunistic collection over several years might not represent evidence of decline. The conservation status of most species must be considered data deficient. More precise assessments will require a substantial increase in all areas of caecilian research, especially those involving new fieldwork. Future reports of caecilian conservation biology need to be explicit and more quantitative. 相似文献
483.
中山市城市绿地系统的生物多样性特色及新的发展思路 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
中山市在城市绿地规划中利用丰富的生物多样性资源,遵循多样性保护与利用相结合的原则,创造出健康优美的城市生态环境;本文阐述了中山市城市绿地系统的生物多样性特色及新的发展思路,可为珠江三角洲地区其它城市的绿地系统规划提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
484.
吴祥云 《生态与农村环境学报》1993,(1)
本文通过测定樟子松防风固沙林草地植物产量,对草本植物生物产量的季节动态及林分密度对草本植物产量的影响作了定性和定量分析。此外,还采用牧草产量法对章古台樟子松固沙林可牧资源生产潜力进行了初步评价。 相似文献
485.
Risk Assessment of Riparian Plant Invasions into Protected Areas 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
LLEWELLYN C. FOXCROFT†‡ MATHIEU ROUGET§ DAVID M. RICHARDSON† 《Conservation biology》2007,21(2):412-421
Abstract: Protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated. River corridors represent crucial links to the surrounding landscape but are also major conduits for invasion of alien species. We developed a framework to assess the risk that alien plants in watersheds adjacent to a protected area will invade the protected area along rivers. The framework combines species- and landscape-level approaches and has five key components: (1) definition of the geographical area of interest, (2) delineation of the domain into ecologically meaningful zones, (3) identification of the appropriate landscape units, (4) categorization of alien species and mapping of their distribution and abundance, and (5) definition of management options. The framework guides the determination of species distribution and abundance through successive, easily followed steps, providing the means for the assessment of areas of concern. We applied the framework to Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa. We recorded 231 invasive alien plant species (of which 79 were major invaders) in the domain. The KNP is facing increasing pressure from alien species in the upper regions of the drainage areas of neighboring watersheds. On the basis of the climatic modeling, we showed that most major riparian invaders have the ability to spread across the KNP should they be transported down the rivers. With this information, KNP managers can identify areas for proactive intervention, monitoring, and resource allocation. Even for a very large protected area such as the KNP, sustainable management of biodiversity will depend heavily on the response of land managers upstream managing alien plants. We suggest that this framework is applicable to plants and other passively dispersed species that invade protected areas situated at the end of a drainage basin. 相似文献
486.
景观生态学在水库环评中的应用--以周公宅水库为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生态完整性的判定是生态影响评价的基础,可从生态体系的结构和功能两个方面考虑进行评价。分别从景观结构、植被生物量和植被分布的空间异质性三个角度对宁波市周公宅水库库区景观生态体系的结构和功能状况进行了评价。 相似文献
487.
Hubert?ChansonEmail author Richard?Brown John?Ferris Ian?Ramsay Kevin?Warburton 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(6):553-575
In natural systems, mixing is driven by turbulence, but current knowledge is limited in estuarine zones where predictions
of contaminant dispersion are often inaccurate. A series of detailed field studies was conducted in a small sub-tropical creek
in eastern Australia. Hydrodynamic, physio-chemical and ecological measurements were conducted simultaneously to assess the
complexity of the estuarine zone, notably the interactions between turbulence and environment. The measurements were typically
performed at high frequency over a tidal cycle. The results provide an original data set to complement long-term monitoring
and a basis for a more detailed study of mixing in sub-tropical systems. Unlike many long-term observations, velocity and
water quality scalars were measured herein with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to determine quantities of interest
in the study of turbulence, while ecological indicators were sampled systematically and simultaneously. In particular the
results yielded contrasted outcomes, and the finding impacts on the selection process for key water quality indicators. 相似文献
488.
王献薄 《生态与农村环境学报》1995,(2)
景观作为自然与人类相互作用的一个基本单位,目前正在发生剧烈的变化。许多传统的文化建筑和土地利用方式和格局正在走向衰亡,景观的多样性和丰富性受到前所未有的威胁,常常被千篇一律的大片单调的景色所代替。本文主要讨论下列三个问题:景观的基本含义及其保护,景观保护的主要任务;景观保护是区域发展的基础。 相似文献
489.
490.
Utility of Dynamic-Landscape Metapopulation Models for Sustainable Forest Management 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
BRENDAN A. WINTLE§ SARAH A. BEKESSY† LISA A. VENIER‡ JENNIE L. PEARCE‡ RYAN A. CHISHOLM 《Conservation biology》2005,19(6):1930-1943
Abstract: We evaluated the utility of combining metapopulation models with landscape-level forest-dynamics models to assess the sustainability of forest management practices. We used the Brown Creeper ( Certhia americana ) in the boreal forests of northern Ontario as a case study. We selected the Brown Creeper as a potential indicator of sustainability because it is relatively common in the region but is dependent on snags and old trees for nesting and foraging; hence, it may be sensitive to timber harvesting. For the modeling we used RAMAS Landscape, a software package that integrates RAMAS GIS, population-modeling software, and LANDIS, forest-dynamics modeling software. Predictions about the future floristic composition and structure of the landscape under a variety of management and natural disturbance scenarios were derived using LANDIS. We modeled eight alternative forest management scenarios, ranging in intensity from no timber harvesting and a natural fire regime to intensive timber harvesting with salvage logging after fire. We predicted the response of the Brown Creeper metapopulation over a 160-year period and used future population size and expected minimum population size to compare the sustainability of the various management scenarios. The modeling methods were easy to apply and model predictions were sensitive to the differences among management scenarios, indicating that these methods may be useful for assessing and ranking the sustainability of forest management options. Primary concerns about the method are the practical difficulties associated with incorporating fire stochasticity in prediction uncertainty and the number of model assumptions that must be made and tested with sensitivity analysis. We wrote new software to help quantify the contribution of landscape stochasticity to model prediction uncertainty. 相似文献