Effects of Soil Moisture Variations on Deposition Velocities Above Vegetation

The parameterized subgrid-scale surface flux (PASS) modelprovides a simplified means of using remote sensing data from satellites and limited surface meteorological information to estimate the influence of soil moisture on bulk canopy stomatalresistances to the uptake of gases over extended areas.PASS-generated estimates of bulk canopy stomatal resistance were usedin a dry deposition module to compute gas deposition velocitieswith a horizontal resolution of 200 m for approximately 5000 km² of agricultural crops and rangeland. Results were compared with measurements of O₃ flux and concentrations made during April and May 1997 at two surface stations and from an aircraft. The trend in simulated O₃ deposition velocityduring soil moisture drydown over a period of a few days matchedthe trend observed at the two surface stations. For areas underthe aircraft flight paths, the variability in simulated O₃ deposition velocity was substantially smaller than the observedvariability, while the averages over tens of kilometers were usually in agreement within 0.1 cm s^-1. Model results indicated that soil moisture can have a major role in depositionof O₃ and other substances strongly affected by canopy stomatal resistance.     

Gastroschisis: sonographic diagnosis,associations, management and outcome

Gastroschisis is a defect in the abdominal wall, typically on the right side of a normally inserted umbilical cord through which bowel and other abdominal contents herniate. Classically, no membrane covers the herniated abdominal contents, which distinguishes the defect from exomphalos, an important differential diagnosis. Gastroschisis is usually diagnosed prenatally using ultrasound examination. The prevalence is increasing worldwide from approximately 0.1 per 10 000 total births in the 1970s to over 5 in the early 2000s. The reasons for this are unknown, but factors such as maternal smoking, recreational drugs and young maternal age are strongly associated with the defect. The increasing prevalence is causing concern because the cost of treating gastroschisis is high. Neonatal morbidity depends on significant complicating factors such as bowel atresia or necrosis and prolonged post-operative ileus. Foetuses with gastroschisis are more likely to be born premature and with intra-uterine growth restriction, both of which contribute to the morbidity. Gastroschisis requires early surgery after birth, often followed by prolonged neonatal care. However, advances in surgical and post-operative care in the last decade have meant that currently 90% of affected neonates survive, with few long-term problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢板焊接缺陷自身高度测量

介绍了端点衍射波的产生及其计算自身高度的原理,采用常规仪器及探头测量的方法及体会。     

Prenatal foetal diagnosis of partial trisomy 3q and monosomy 13p due to a maternal balanced rearrangement

The authors describe a case of a male foetus whose ultrasound at 20 weeks' gestation revealed cystic hygroma, cleft lip and ventricular septal defect. Amniotic fluid cytogenetics using GTG banding showed a 46,XY,der(13)t(3;13)(q12;p11.1) rearrangement, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) delineated the relevant breakpoints. Familial studies identified a maternal balanced translocation involving chromosomes 3 and 13. The post-mortem examination confirmed the prenatal ultrasound findings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

罗江县水库土坝汶川大地震震害调查与分析

5· 12汶川8.0级大地震对德阳市罗江县的水库造成了不同程度的破坏,经济损失严重,若水库出现溃坝现象,将会带来更大的损失.对罗江县19座高危以上险情水库的土坝震害进行了调查研究,发现典型的震害现象包括裂缝、渗漏、防浪墙损坏以及泄水建筑物和附属设施的损毁等.根据水库土坝的震前病害调查资料可以看出:水库土坝在地震前多是带...     

BiVO4表面氧缺陷调控及其光催化氧化三价砷

以乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶剂热-煅烧法制备缺陷型BiVO₄光催化剂,通过控制溶剂热反应时间调控BiVO₄表面氧缺陷以增强对As （III）的光催化氧化性能.同时,借助各种表征手段如XRD、SEM和XPS等分析样品的晶型结构、形貌特征及化学组成等性质,考察其在可见光下对As（III）的光催化氧化性能,并研究其氧化机理.结果表明,溶剂热反应时间对BiVO₄的晶粒尺寸和光吸收性能没有影响,但能通过影响比表面积调控BiVO₄的表面氧缺陷浓度.经优化得到,反应时间为14 h时制备的BiVO₄光催化剂（BiVO-14）对As（III）（6 mg·L^-1）的氧化效率高达95.7%,并具有良好的光催化稳定性.BiVO₄氧化As （III）的主要途径是光生空穴（h⁺）的直接氧化作用.表面氧缺陷能增强导电性能,促进电荷分离和迁移,强化h⁺的氧化作用,从而提高BiVO₄的光催化氧化性能.BiVO-14能有效促使As（III）转化为低毒的As（V）,在饮用水源As污染去除方面具有广阔应用前景.     

全绝缘管型母线振荡波检测技术试验研究

绝缘管母易因绝缘击穿引发停电事故,造成较大经济损失。针对10 kV绝缘管母故障特点,制作了6类绝缘管母典型绝缘缺陷故障模型,采用振荡波技术开展绝缘管母局部放电检测。结果表明:正常绝缘管母的起始放电电压远高于有缺陷的绝缘管母,正常绝缘管母在1.7 U₀即14.79 kV时开始出现局部放电信号,而有缺陷的绝缘管母起始放电电压皆小于等于1.3 U₀即11.3 kV;得到使用振荡波法识别绝缘管母缺陷的方法,对1.5 U₀即13.05 kV电压下的局部放电量进行分析,当局部放电量超过200 pC时,可以认为绝缘管母存在绝缘缺陷。