Intranasal administration of tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) induces neurobehavioral changes in neonatal Sprague Dawley rats

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives are now being highly concerned due to their emerging environmental occurrence and deleterious effects on non-target organisms. Considering the potential neurotoxicity of TBBPA derivatives which has been demonstrated in vitro, what could happen in vivo is worthy of being studied. Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) (TBBPA-BHEE), a representative TBBPA derivative, was selected for a 21-day exposure experiment on neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats through intranasal administration. The neurobehavioral, histopathological changes, and differentially expressed genes based on RNA microarray were investigated to evaluate the neurological effects of this chemical. The results indicated that TBBPA-BHEE exposure significantly compromised the motor co-ordination performance and the locomotor activities (p < 0.05). The neurobehavioral phenotype could be attributed to the obvious histopathological changes in both cerebrum and cerebellum, such as neural cell swelling, microglial activation and proliferation. A total of 911 genes were up-regulated, whereas 433 genes were down-regulated. Gene set enrichment analysis showed multiple signaling pathways, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and wingless-int (Wnt) signaling pathway etc. were involved due to TBBPA-BHEE exposure. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the basic cellular function and the neurological processes like synaptic transmission were influenced. The toxicological effects of TBBPA-BHEE observed in this study suggested the potential neuronal threaten from unintended exposure, which would be of great value in the biosafety evaluation of TBBPA derivatives.     

对社会检测机构参与环境现场监测活动的管理

从现场监测方案的制订、现场负责人职责的转变、现场检测人员的能力保证与管理办法、奖惩制度的建立等4个方面,对当前社会检测机构参与环境现场监测活动的管理工作要点进行了阐述。指出,应由环境监测站制订现场监测方案,确定现场负责人,对现场检测人员进行监督、考核、纠正,并实施相应的奖惩手段,确保现场监测工作质量。     

The gap report of global climate change mitigation,finance, and governance after the United States declared its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

On 1 June 2017, the US President Donald Trump officially announced the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, thus the study on the reasons of withdrawal, the potential impacts, and coping strategies has become a focus among policy circles and of the international community. Based on the self-developed US Policy Assessment Model, this paper systematically evaluates the three potential “major deficits” in terms of mitigation, climate finance, and global climate governance, as a result of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and puts forward policy suggestions for coping with such transformations accordingly. The study shows that the United States ’withdrawal from the Paris Agreement will affect the existence and implementation of successive climate policies and result in an additional 8.8–13.4% increase in the global emissions reduction deficit. The United States’ withdrawal will also deteriorate the existing climate finance mechanism. The Green Climate Fund (GCF)’s funding gap will increase by US$2 billion, while the gap of long-term climate finance will increase by about US$5 billion a year. Either the China–EU or the “BASIC plus” mechanism could fill the governance deficit caused by the United States and the lack of political momentum may continue for a while in the future.     

关于设立公共消防安全管理硕士教育的构想

消防安全是社会安定与经济发展的保证.提高公共消防安全管理水平,实现消防安全,是人心所向.然而,我国目前缺乏高层次消防管理人才,消防硕士教育中没有公共消防安全管理专业,这严重影响了公共消防安全管理水平的提高.本文认为,我国消防硕士教育专业设置不合理,提出了增设公共消防安全管理硕士的必要性和重要性,并提出了公共消防安全管理学科体系的构建与公共消防管理硕士课程体系的设置框架.     

英国职业卫生法规、监管及统计体系

英国按照《职业安全和卫生法(1974)》,以职业安全卫生执行局(HSE)为执法和调查统计的主管机构,建立了以RIDDOR95规程为基础的企业雇主对其作业场所职业卫生记录和报告制度,同时HSE采取多种形式的政府主动调查,形成了较为完善的职业卫生调查统计体系。目前,我国职业卫生的调查统计体系尚未形成。以系统的方法和思路,从英国的职业卫生法规、监管入手,分析其调查统计体系,并采用对比分析的方法,将英国的体系与美国进行对比,学习工业发达国家的共同经验,为我国建立职业卫生统计体系提供借鉴。研究认为,上层法律及配套规范齐全、形成了政府主动调查与企业雇主主动记录和报告相结合的统计方式,以及调查统计数据定期向公众发布和实现信息共享是英美两国体系的共同特征。     

强化管理与污染治理,确保饮用水安全

在总结危及饮用水安全的因素的基础上,提出了饮用水安全的概念,并对其内涵进行分析;指出饮用水安全的属性有3个,即水量有保证、水质要达标和足够的供水能力;从强化管理和加强污染治理方面探讨保障饮用水安全的措施;指出建立有效的环境问责制,将环境指标真正纳入官员考核机制、实施清洁化生产,减少废水排放量和实施新的给水处理工艺是保障饮用水安全的关键。上述管理和治理措施为改善我国饮用水安全状况提供理论依据,对预防及减少突发性水污染事件起到积极的作用。     

煤炭安全成本及其变动趋势分析

煤炭安全成本是煤炭生产的一种"附加性成本",它是煤炭企业安全工作质量的综合反映,是安全决策和安全工作评价的重要指标.对于煤炭企业来讲,安全生产的特殊性决定了安全成本在煤炭生产成本中占有很高的比例.研究煤炭安全成本及其变化趋势,对于促进安全与生产的协调发展,合理控制安全投入和优化安全成本结构,都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.本文结合煤炭生产实际,理论与实践相结合地提出了安全成本分析指标,并在现场调研的基础上,利用调研资料,采用回归分析方法,对安全成本进行了变动趋势分析,建立了煤炭安全成本分析模型.通过模型分析得出了安全成本随安全保证程度而变化的规律.安全成本趋势分析及相关分析模型的建立,为煤炭企业进行安全管理与决策提供了有效的分析手段.     

化粪池的管理与环境污染

化粪池作为一种污水局部处理的构筑物而被普遍采用,而能有效运行的仅占36%,大量未达标污水排入水体,对城市水环境必然造成严重污染,不利于城市的可持续性发展与繁荣,建议实行"特许经营",政府要切实转变职能,增强服务意识,对特许经营者进行监督管理.     

Arsenic toxicity in mice and its possible amelioration

Oral administration of arsenic trioxide(3 and 6 mg/kg body weight/d) for 30 d caused, as compared with vehicle control, dose-dependent significant reductions in body weight, absolute weight, protein, glycogen, as well as, total, dehydro and reduced ascorbic acid contents both in the liver and kidney of arsenic-treated mice. Succinic dehydrogenase(SDH) and phosphorylase only in the liver activities were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Acid phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in the liver of low dose arsenic-treated animals;however, significant rise in its activity was observed in high dose group. As compared with vehicle control, treatment also caused significant dose-dependent reductions in SDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities in the kidney of mice. Vitamin E cotreatment as well as, 30 d withdrawal of arsenic trioxide treatment with or without vitamin E caused significant amelioration in arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Administration of vitamin E during withdrawal of treatment also caused significant amelioration as compared from only withdrawal of the treatment. It is concluded that vitamin E ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicities in the liver and kidney of mice.     

我国石化企业建立环境管理体系的意义及建议

介绍了ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的内容。通过分析我国石化企业的现状和建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的意义，提出了建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系是提高企业管理水平的有效途径的观点。最后，探讨了现阶段石化企业建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的步骤。