英国和丹麦安全生产立法及监察的启示和思考

国家安全生产监管总局赴英国、丹麦组织安全生产法律法规标准化考察团针对英国、丹麦和国际劳工组织的职业安全健康立法、执法和监察等方面进行了座谈和交流。作为发达国家,英国和丹麦的职业安全健康绩效在全球处于领先地位,主要介绍了英国职业健康安全组织机构和职责、健康安全法律法规制修订程序、健康安全法律法规体系和立法执法及监察经验,以及丹麦职业安全健康组织机构、安全健康法律法规体系和安全健康监察经验。以此为基础,在关于法律原则和定位方面、法律法规落实、落实企业的安全生产主体责任和监察人员履行监察职责、基于风险的分级监察和建立企业安全生产诚信评级系统等五方面提出对我国安全生产立法及监察工作的启示和思考。     

Scientific basis of dissolved organic carbon limitation for landfilling of municipal treatment sludge – Is it attainable and justifiable?

This study evaluated the scientific and technical basis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) limitation imposed on municipal sludge for landfilling, mainly for assessing the attainability of the implemented numerical level. For this purpose, related conceptual framework was analyzed, covering related sewage characteristics, soluble microbial products generation, and substrate solubilization and leakage due to hydrolysis. Soluble COD footprint was experimentally established for a selected treatment plant, including all the key steps in the sequence of wastewater treatment and sludge handling. Observed results were compared with reported DOCs in other treatment configurations. None of the leakage tests performed or considered in the study could even come close to the prescribed limitation. All observed results reflected 10–20 fold higher DOC levels than the numerical limit of 800 mg/kg (80 mg/L), providing conclusive evidence that the DOC limitation imposed on municipal treatment sludge for landfilling is not attainable, and therefore not justifiable on the basis of currently available technology.     

Classification of coastal waters according to the new Italian water legislation and comparison with the European Water Directive

New legislation for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters has recently been established in Italy. This law presents a new integrated approach, where all water bodies are considered as complex ecosystems to be studied in each of their components. The new concept of environmental quality of the water body, based on the ecological and chemical status, is also introduced. At the same time (i.e. the end of 2000), the European Community approved the European Water Framework Directive based on the same basic environmental concepts and criteria of the new Italian law. This paper analyses the important points and innovations required by the new Italian legislation for monitoring and classification of marine coastal waters. Details of definitions, parameters, analysis and monitoring programs are discussed. A comparison with the European Water Framework Directive is eventually given, underlining the specific characteristics of the Mediterranean sea, which have to be taken into consideration when applying the European Directive to this particular ecoregion.     

生态文明与中国环境立法

当今社会正处于工业文明向生态文明转变的过程中，而克服人类面临的严重环境危机，是建立生态文明的主攻方向之一。因此，我们不得不重新审视人与自然的关系，进一步修改完善我们的环境立法，从而规范预防各种破坏环境的行为，并最终实现经济、社会与生态环境的协调发展。     

Planning for Long, Wide Conservation Corridors on Private Lands in the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario, Canada

Abstract:  We explored the role of conservation biology in the planning of a natural-heritage system that includes long, wide conservation corridors situated primarily on private lands, and established to connect natural core areas in the Oak Ridges Moraine of Ontario, Canada. We based our review on government documents, semi-structured interviews with participants involved in this land-use planning process, and our involvement with the issue from 1990 through 2002. Conservation biology had a major influence on the outcome of the land-use planning process for this moraine. The landform was identified as an area of value by the environmental movement within the context of a number of ongoing government studies that began in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Conservation biologists and planners in government, the environmental movement, and the private sector carried out work related to conservation biology, including inventories and the development and application of criteria for the delineation of core areas and conservation corridors. Once the political timing was favorable (2001–2002), decision makers linked the science of conservation biology to planning policies and law in Ontario. The Oak Ridges Moraine land-use planning process was precedent setting in Canada, and possibly internationally. To our knowledge this is the first time long, wide conservation corridors on private lands were regulated through land-use-planning legislation and led to restrictions on urban development and aggregate resource extraction.     

浅谈我国的网络立法

互联网正在极大地改变人们的生活方式、生产方式及行为模式,要确保一个安全健康的网络环境为我们服务,需要从立法上加以保证。本文从我国网络立法的现状,存在的问题及立法时应注意的问题几个方面对我国的网络立法进行了探讨。     

试论加强城乡结合部的环境保护

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，城乡结合部经济、社会飞速发展。在发展过程中，城乡结合部环境污染和资源破坏问题日益突出，为此，必须完善城乡结合部环境保护立法和执法，切实做好环境规划工作，实现环境保护与经济、社会的协调发展。     

我国生物质能源立法的可行性分析

生物质能源作为可再生能源的一种,具有许多优点。我国对于生物质能源的研究,也只有20多年的时间,而且我国的学者和科学家大多集中在对生物质能源利用技术的研究,对于生物质能源立法方面的研究则屈指可数。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,对我国生物质能源立法的可行性进行探讨,提出自己的一些浅薄见解,以填补我国学术界在这方面的空缺。     

浅论生态环境立法的整合

我国生态环境立法一直受到非理性思路的影响,不同程度地存在着诸如体系不完善、法律规定操作性不强、法律条文之间相互冲突等问题.因此要注重环境法与自然资源法之间的融合及生态环境立法的现实性,消除现行生态环境立法中的法律规定互相矛盾冲突的现象.     

论可持续发展战略与我国的环境立法

可持续发展战略自从被提出以来立即成为了各个学科的焦点,环境法学也不例外,它集中地反映了环境法学的伦理价值取向.当前我国环境立法正进入以填补立法空白和法律制度的完善、创新为基本目标的新阶段.在新的历史时期应以可持续发展战略的思想为指导,完善我国环境立法.