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771.
The proposed restoration of an abandoned hydroelectric dam on the Quinebaug River, Connecticut, is studied using energy analysis. The analysis considers the effects of alternative minimum flow releases, ranging from 0 to 34 cubic meters per second (cms), on the total energy flow of the affected system. The principal system components affected by differing minimum flows are hydroelectric power generation, aquatic habitat, and gross aquatic ecosystem productivity.The minimum flow alternative resulting in the highest annual energy flow in the affected system is considered optimal. From this purely analytical point of view, the optimum minimum flow is 0 cms, due to the short length and low productivity of the regulated reach, and the lack of floodplain interactions.Simulations of longer and more productive river reaches were conducted. For very short, unproductive reaches, in the absence of a floodplain, the contribution of aquatic community productivity to total system energy flow is negligible compared to hydroelectric generation. Optimum minimum flows are higher for longer and more productive reaches. For such cases the operation of hydroelectric dams could reduce total system energy flow because the energy supplied by hydroelectric generation may be offset by losses in aquatic productivity due to diminished riverine habitat. 相似文献
772.
Malcolm Hollick 《Environmental management》1984,8(3):191-196
The practice of EIA preparation in a number of states and countries is reviewed in the light of the need to avoid bias, integrate the EIA with project design, and make the proponent pay. It is concluded that the best arrangement may be to make the proponent responsible for EIA preparation and to advise a number of constraints designed to improve the quality of the studies and reduce bias. First, the proponent should be required to select a consultant from a register of those known to be honest, unbiased, technically competent, and capable of working with a design team. Second, two steering committees should be established to identify key issues, specify data collection and modeling programs and methods, and ensure that the study stays on course. 相似文献
773.
Development of a bird integrity index: using bird assemblages as indicators of riparian condition 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
We describe the development of a bird integrity index (BII) that uses bird assemblage information to assess human impacts
on 13 stream reaches in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We used bird survey data to test 62 candidate metrics representing
aspects of bird taxonomic richness, tolerance or intolerance to human disturbance, dietary preferences, foraging techniques,
and nesting strategies that were affected positively or negatively by human activities. We evaluated the metric responsiveness
by plotting each one against a measure of site disturbance that included aspects of land use/land cover, road density, riparian
cover, and stream channel and substrate conditions. In addition, we eliminated imprecise and highly correlated (redundant)
metrics, leaving 13 metrics for the final index. Individual metric scores ranged continuously from 0 to 10, and index scores
were weighted to range from 0 to 100. Scores were calibrated using historical species information to set expectations for
the number of species expected under minimally disturbed conditions. Site scores varied from 82 for the least disturbed stream
reach to 8.5 for an urban site. We compared the bird integrity index site scores with the performance of other measures of
biotic response developed during this study: a fish index of biointegrity (IBI) and two benthic macroinvertebrate metrics.
The three assemblages agreed on the general level of disturbance; however, individual sites scored differently depending on
specific indicator response to in-stream or riparian conditions. The bird integrity index appears to be a useful management
and monitoring tool for assessing riparian integrity and communicating the results to the public. Used together with aquatic
indicator response and watershed data, bird assemblage information contributes to a more complete picture of stream condition. 相似文献
774.
Environmental impact assessment of a proposed info-tech complex in East Calcutta wetlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An info-tech complex is proposed for 286 acres (116 ha) of land within the East Calcutta wetlands. The proposed site is 15 km east of Kolkata city and only 8 km south of Dum Dum airport. The site is vacant, with pockets of agricultural land and a few degrading water-logged areas. In order to assess the likely impact of the proposed development on the environment, a rapid environmental impact assessment of an area of 10 km radius from the centre of the project site was carried out. The present status of the environment with respect to ambient air, surface water, groundwater, soil, landuse, noise, and socio-economics of the core and buffer zone has been documented and correlated with 24 project activities during construction, development and operational phases. The frequency of adverse impacts is greater than that of beneficial impacts. Out of the total adverse impacts 20 are short term, reversible and have a low magnitude. The total impact score for the proposed project is (–)468.75 and as per the Assessment Value Index Scale the environmental impact of the proposed project activities is no appreciable impact. But there are certain sectors where the environment will be adversely impacted. Therefore, appropriate measures have been suggested to ameliorate the adverse impacts. It is envisaged that if these measures are implemented then there will be an improvement in the quality of the environment, as well as life, by 687.5 units. 相似文献
775.
Assessing national sustainable development strategies: Strengthening the links to operational policy
At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, it was agreed that all countries should develop a national sustainable develop‐ment strategy (NSDS) as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Progress has been limited. Few countries have established a formal strategy, and many of the strategies that exist have been only partially implemented. This article proposes an approach that addresses the need to improve existing strategic planning mechanisms. The approach is based on a periodic assessment of existing systems, to evaluate the extent to which they incorporate NSDS principles, and identify areas to be strengthened. The article describes an assessment methodology, presents examples of its use, and discusses ways in which current approaches to NSDS may be complemented by continual review and improvement of existing planning processes. 相似文献
776.
777.
This paper presents an integrated system for the assessmentof technical and non-technical measures that are putforward in order to reduce air pollution levels in urbanareas. In contrast to the majority of the currentlyemployed assessment tools, this system allows for theevaluation of any proposed air pollution control measure interms of its combined impact on air quality and socialwelfare, by correlating the environmental and economicaspects of alternative air pollution abatement solutions.Based on the multi-pollutant, multi-effect concept, thesystem presented aims in providing policy-makers with areliable tool for the objective assessment of the mostcost-effective packages of measures, the latter beingallocated according to the particular features and needs ofthe areas examined. 相似文献
778.
779.
780.
氧化铝赤泥堆场渗滤液污染的评价与防治 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
提出了氧化铝生产赤泥堆场的环境影响评价构架及生产阶段尽量减少下渗量的措施,有效地保护堆场区域地下水水环境。 相似文献