直流电场强化活性污泥法处理木质素废水的效能、污泥特性及群落结构研究

以溶解态木质素模拟废水为研究对象,考察了不同直流电场条件下活性污泥反应器(R1,无电流,悬浮污泥)、电极生物膜反应器(R2,电流I=10~60 mA,无悬浮污泥)与电极生物膜-活性污泥反应器(R3,I=10~60 mA,悬浮污泥)中木质素废水的处理效能、污泥生理特性(活菌比、木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)等)、细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成及微生物群落结构的差异.结果表明:相同的外加电流下,R3的木质素去除率均高于R2(p0.05),其中,30 mA时达到最大值30.19%±0.47%,分别为R1、R2木质素去除率的2.01倍和1.46倍.反应器R2在20~40 mA时的总氮去除效果最好,达到71.96%±5.79%.分析R1、R3悬浮污泥发现,外加电流升高不改变悬浮污泥的活菌比(p0.05),木质素去除率受LiP酶活影响不大;与低电流(10~30 mA)相比,高电流(40~60 mA)下悬浮污泥中C15∶0 ANTEISO的含量降低,长链磷脂脂肪酸(C19、C20)的相对含量增加;R3悬浮污泥中Flavobacterium、Pseudomonas和Janthinobacterium等可降解木质素的菌属在10 mA外加电流的刺激下相对丰度均最高.在电极微生物方面,与R3相比,R2阴极微生物中具有反硝化能力的Methyloversatilis成为优势菌属,阳极微生物中存在更多具有电子传递能力的菌属(Pseudomonas、Ralstonia).冗余分析(RDA)表明,悬浮污泥中Mycobacterium(降解木质素的好氧细菌)丰度与电流(I)显著正相关(p0.05),与不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)显著负相关(p0.05).     

东北土著白腐真菌处理玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的可行性探讨

青顶拟多孔菌是一种可以降解木质素的白腐真菌,也是具有较高的产漆酶能力的生产者.选择青顶拟多孔菌处理玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水,于液体培养青顶拟多孔菌中的锥形瓶中添加不同体积的废水,考察其对不同稀释比玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的处理效果,并通过研究废水投加时间的调控,获得具有高木质素降解率且相对最短降解时间的工艺条件.结果表明:青顶拟多孔菌可从废水中去除50%以上的COD_Cr和23.8%的木质素.对不同稀释比例（1%~20%）玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水中木质素具有较好的去除效果,其中稀释6%废水的体系中降解木质素效果最好,在第10天木质素降解率达到73.5%.不同废水投加时间对青顶拟多孔菌处理稀释20%废水体系中木质素的降解效果影响较大,第5天投加废水可获得理想的木质素降解效果,在试验进行的第19天降解率达到68.4%;在投加废水时间不同的情况下,经青顶拟多孔菌处理后的各体系中BOD₅/COD_Cr均有所提升,并且都提升至0.58以上,其中第9天投加废水体系经处理后BOD₅/COD_Cr最大,达到0.64.研究结果可为青顶拟多孔菌处理玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的实际应用提供参考.      

Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry

In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (GU193980) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (GU193981) were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency (80%) and reduction of pollution parameters (COD 73% and BOD 62%) than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated bacteria. Further, the GC–MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.     

LIGNIN SEPARATION BY CONTINUOUS ION FLOTATION: INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: Ion flotation is the term used to describe a process in which there is an initally homogeneous solution which becomes heterogeneous after the addition of an oppositely charged surfactant due to the reaction between the surfactant and specific ion(s); thus, insoluble complexes are formed. These insoluble complexes will then attached to the bubbles passing through the solution and thus leave in the foam phase. The performance of the continuous ion flotation process for the removal of haft lignin from water was investigated intensively using liquid flow rates, gas flow rates, feed locations and solution height as operational variables. The interrelationships among these physical parameters were studied and discussed. A dimensionless operational chart was established for process control. Results demonstrate that ion flotation is an effective process for removing lignin from water, provided that a quaternary ammonium salt, such as cetyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride or the like, is used as a collector. At optimum operational conditions, higher than 0.95 fractional removal of lignin can be achieved.     

Effects of lignin on nitrification in soil

The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea,(NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2HPO4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30℃ for 7 or 14d.The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also detenmined.Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH4^ -N as(NH4)2SO4 of(NH4)2HPO4 as compared to urea-N.The effectiveness of lignin on nitrification was markedly affected by different soil type and temperature.Nitrous oxide emissions from soil declined when lignin was used.Urea plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin reduced N2O emissions by about 83% and 96%,respectively,while(NH4)2HPO4 plus 20 and 50g/kg lignin respectively reduced emissions by 83% and 93%.Because of its low cost and nonhazardous characteristics,lignin has potential value as a fertilizer amendment to improve N fertilizer efficiency.     

液膜分离在造纸黑液治理中的应用

液膜分离在造纸黑液治理中的应用潘碌亭朱亦仁（阜阳师范学院化学系，阜阳２３６０３２）吴成康（阜阳师范学院科技处）关键词液膜法；黑液；木质素．１前言目前，我国造纸工业普遍采用碱法制浆，而蒸煮制浆过程中产生的黑液含有大量的有机物和无机物，ＣＯＤ值很高，黑液...     

造纸黑液制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂

以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,采用两步法制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂,并用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行表征.第1步以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备球形木质素珠体,通过正交实验得出以占木质素质量1.5%的环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,吐温80为分散剂(含量为木质素质量的3%),煤油为分散相,O/W相比为3∶1,反应温度为90℃,搅拌速度为200r/min,反应时间1h为球形木质素珠体制备的最佳条件.第2步利用丙烯酰胺对球形木质素珠体接枝,得出以H₂O₂/Fe²⁺为引发剂,丙烯酰胺浓度为0.72mol/L,室温反应2h为接枝的适宜条件,在此条件下可得到离子交换容量为1.6405mmol/g的阳离子木质素吸附树脂.     

草浆碱木素过氧化氢氧化氨解制备氨化木质素缓释肥料的研究

研究了草浆碱木素的过氧化氢氧化氨解的工艺过程,研究了各种工艺参数对过氧化氢氧化氨解的影响。在最佳的工艺条件,120℃, 90 min 反应时间, 20%过氧化氢用量和20% 氨水用量下,得到的氨化木质素总氮11.62%,氨态氮4.12%。研究表明过氧化氢完全可以替代氧气作为木质素氧化剂,为草浆碱木素转化成有机肥料提供依据。     

嗜碱细菌降解木质素的复合碳源共代谢研究Ⅰ——复合碳源组合方式及氮源的选择

研究在碱性液体培养条件 (pH =1 0 .5)下 ,不同碳源组合方式对嗜碱木质素降解菌产酶及降解麦草木质素的降解率的影响。研究结果表明 ,在蔗糖 (第一碳源 ) +麦草木质素 (第二碳源 )的组合方式下 ,并将硝酸铵作为氮源且碳氮比为 1 :1 .2时 ,该菌株的产酶及降解能力效果理想。     

长江流域植物和土壤的木质素特征

为探讨长江流域中植物和土壤的木质素特征,应用碱性氧化铜分解-气相色谱检测法对长江流域的典型植物和土壤样品中的木质素进行了测定分析.结果表明,长江流域植物具有较宽的C/V和S/V范围,可以区分出单子叶和双子叶植物、湿生和非湿生植物;长江流域土壤则呈现出中下游地区较上游地区有机碳中木质素含量较高且降解程度较小的趋势,南北支流的差异主要表现在南支土壤中有机碳含量(OC)较高、碳同位素比值δ13C较高且木质素含量较高.与世界其它地区相比,长江流域的植物和土壤的木质素特征具有明显的流域自身特征,这些特征为探讨陆源有机物自长江向东海陆架输送和埋藏等科学问题提供更可靠和更丰富细致的背景信息.