三丁基锡(TBT)对罗非鱼两组织SOD和GSH的影响

以雄性奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)为试验材料,研究腹腔注射染毒三丁基锡(TBT)后鱼类肝脏和精巢超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的变化(剂量分别为0、1 μg/kg、3 μg/kg、5 μg/kg、10 μg/kg).结果表明,雄性奥利亚罗非鱼肝脏和精巢中的SOD正常值分别为(42.04±2.55) U/mg prot和(27.70±2.34) U/mg prot,GSH的正常值分别为(243.87±5.63) mg/g prot和(154.84±4.66) mg/g prot,精巢组织低于肝脏组织;染毒后各处理组肝脏与精巢均高于对照组且差异极显著;随着注射剂量的增高,不同处理时间内两组织SOD活性和GSH的含量均先升高后降低,在3 μg/kg体重时都达到最高值,表明TBT对肝脏和精巢中SOD活性和GSH含量均具有一定的诱导激活作用.研究表明,TBT可以通过影响精巢中抗氧化防御系统对雄性生殖细胞造成伤害,并因此增加了破坏鱼类资源的风险.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China

The Cr,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassius auratus Linnaeus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis,which were caught from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,a large,shallow and eutrophic lake of China.The results showed that:(1)the Cr,Cu,Pb,Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion(1994),but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion;(2)Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish,Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish,Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads,Zn contents were the highest in the gonad(♀),and Cu contents were the highest in the liver;(3)the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle.The total metal accumulation was the highest in C.auratus L.This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption,but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.     

过氧化氢酶活性及活性抑制的紫外分光光度测定

在体内实验条件下，测定了鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性。实验结果表明，过氧化氢酶的紫外分光光度法是可靠的，活性抑制结果表明，对－二硝基苯对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶无有明显的抑制作用。鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶可作为一项指标用于生态毒理学研究。     

镉致蟾蜍肝、肾脂质过氧化损伤

以腹腔注射法对蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)给镉(按动物体重的质量分数分别给0．1mg kg^-1，0．2mg kg^-1，0．4mg kg^-1，0．8mg kg^-1的Cd)，处理7d后，测定其肝、肾丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—PX)、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GSH—ST)的活性．结果显示，一定浓度的镉能引起肝、肾MDA含量明显增加，而GSH含量及SOD、CAT、GSH—ST酶的活性则显著下降．提示一定浓度的镉能引起蟾蜍肝、肾组织脂质过氧化损伤，使蟾蜍肝、肾抗氧化能力、抗诱变能力降低；脂质过氧化损伤可能与GSH的耗竭、抗氧化酶SOD、CAT等酶活性的降低有关．图6参16     

Potential correlation between perfluorinated acids and liver morphology in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

In this study, residual concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) were determined in feed (40) and fodder (25) samples collected from various locations of Tarai region of Uttarakhand. For extracting residues, liquid–liquid partition followed by alumina column clean up was used and the detection and quantification of residues was undertaken with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography using C18 column and diode array detector at 220?nm. Of the total 40 feed samples analyzed, 7 (17.5%) samples were found positive for CPF with the mean residual concentration of 0.058?µg?g^?1; while out of 25 fodder samples, CPF residues were detected in a single (4%) sample with residual concentration of 0.39?µg?g^?1. However, none of the feed or fodder samples contained CPF residues above the prescribed limit.     

2,3,7,8-TCDD代谢产物的液-质联用分析

采用肝微粒体体外温孵法,对2,3,7,8-TCDD在大鼠肝微粒体中进行体外代谢研究.利用实验中所建立的液相色谱串联质谱方法对其代谢产物进行直接分析,共鉴别出两类代谢产物,分别为2个单羟基化代谢产物(2-OH-1,3,7,8-TCDD和1-OH-2,3,7,8-TCDD)和双羟基化脱氯的代谢产物.     

镧及其配合物对鱼体肝脏中酶活性的影响

以鲫鱼（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）为实验对象,研究了镧（Ｌａ）及其配合物（Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ）对鱼体肝脏中过氧化氢酶和超氧歧化酶的早期作用过程。结果表明：在实验浓度下Ｌａ＾３＋与Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ对鱼肝中过氧化氢酶有激活作用,但最终表现为强烈抑制：而对超氧歧化酶最初显著抑制,最后表现为激活作用。     

The Structure of Energy Supply for Tissue Adaptation in Small Mammals Differing in Ecological Specialization

Multivariate factor analysis of the data on liver bioenergetics of mountain and forest voles has been performed. The specific features of tissue energy metabolism are best differentiated in the space of characters pertaining to the succinic acid oxidation system. The role of the dominant oxidation substrate in the structure of energy supply for the adaptation of tissue to a set of environmental factors in specialized and widespread species is discussed.     

Prenatal diagnosis of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency by fetal liver biopsy

In a pregnancy at risk for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency, prenatal diagnosis was attempted by fetal liver biopsy, performed at 18 weeks of gestation. CPS activity was absent and the diagnosis was confirmed after termination of the pregnancy. The technique employed for fetal liver biopsy is described together with an evaluation of its possible role in prenatal diagnosis.     

Chromium-induced membrane damage: protective role of ascorbic acid

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍｐｌａｙｓｄｕａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ (Ⅲ )ｉｓｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒｇｌｕｃｏｓｅａｎｄｌｉｐｉｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(Ｃｈｏｒｖａｔｏｖｉｃｏｖａ ,1993) .Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ ,ｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅｉｎｔａｋｅｏｆｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ (Ⅵ )ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓａｒｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｔｏｘｉｃａｎｄｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃｔｏｔｈｅｂｏｄｙ (ＤｅＦｌｏｒａ ,1990 ) .Ｈｅｐａｔｉｃａｎｄｒｅｎａｌｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｔｈｅｍｏ…