基于WINDOWS2000的无线局域网安全体系设计实践

无线局域网接入速率高,组网灵活,在传输移动数据方面具有得天独厚优势.但是,随着无线局域网应用领域的不断拓展,其安全问题也越来越受到重视.本文基于W INDOW S 2000操作系统,阐述了构建一个无线局域网安全体系的方法.     

企业外协人员安全管理的探讨

分析了近几年来企业中出现的外协人员现象，肯定了外协人员城市发展、企业发展中的作用，并对外协人员的劳动保护作了一定剖板。     

江苏地方地震工作业绩量化评析

设定量化考评标准和方法,对江苏地办系统的工作业绩作数值分析,研究了总分的组合构成、优势分布,人才断层、领导行为,经费和人力的投入产出效率,防灾属区的象征性适应能力,给出这些敏感问题的定量结果.     

Estimation of Regional, Local and Site-specific Profitability of Soil Conservation for the Wheat-Sheep Zone of New South Wales, Australia

Information about the net benefits of land degradation treatment is required at the relevant management level, such as regional, local or site-specific, to assist decision makers in the allocation of funds to soil conservation. In this paper, estimates of regional opportunity costs of erosion and costs of treatment are used to derive benefit-cost ratios to assess the profitability of gully erosion treatment for localities in the wheat-sheep zone of New South Wales. These results are then used to develop site-specific models which predict benefit-cost ratios of treatment from land attributes including gully length, slope, soil type and land use. These predictive models form the basis of a rapid appraisal method to aid soil conservation decisions.     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

Measuring conservation success beyond the traditional biological criteria: the case of conservation projects in Costa Rica,Mekong Valley,and Cameroon

Traditionally, the criteria used to measure conservation success or failure are based on biological factors. Biological factors include changes in the amount of targeted conserved species, biodiversity, and total area conserved. However, conservation efforts are not simply a matter of biological concern; environmental, political, social, and conflict pressures on different scales (ranging from local to global) also have strong influences on the outcome of conservation. These other factors can either pose threats to or enhance conservation, but are not addressed by current criteria. Using a proposed holistic rubric that includes interdisciplinary fields, this paper examines a set of conservation factors on different scales – ranging from local to global – to determine their importance in conservation. The paper analyses positive factor influences with more successful conservation and negative factor influences with less successful, or failed, conservation attempts. Neutral and non‐applicable factor influences are also identified, defined, and ranked as a standardization mechanism. The determination of success changed when the holistic rubric was applied to conservation projects in Costa Rica, Mekong Valley, and Cameroon. In the Costa Rica case study, conservation success for Guanacaste and Talamanca national parks is rated ‘moderately low’. In the case of Mekong Valley, conservation success is rated ‘low’ for Lower Mekong, ‘moderately low’ for Greater Annamites, and ‘low’ for Phong Nha‐Ke Bang national parks. Cameroon's Congo Basin and Sangha Tri‐National conservation efforts are both rated ‘low’, while Dja Faunal is rated ‘very low’. We conclude that if conservation efforts are to attain a high level of success, the strategy for global conservation must move away from the traditional biological approach, which focuses mainly on biological concerns, and embrace a holistic approach, which in addition to biological concerns, addresses environmental, political, social, and conflict pressures, which have strong influences on the outcomes of conservation.     

环境保护领域地方市级首次立法进展研究

为调研设区的市立法权放开后各地立法进展,通过全国各省市政府网站(除港澳台外)等公开渠道收集整理的各设区的市"首次立法"(第一部实体法,简称"首法")立法情况,发现截至2017年7月,全国89%新获立法权设区的市已完成"首法"立项,超一半新获立法权设区的市已顺利出台"首法"。从"首法"立项类型来看,约40%设区的市"首法"关注环境保护,仅次于城乡建设与管理类立法,表明环境保护是各地"首法"立法关注的重点领域之一。从地方环境"首法"立项类型来看,水环境保护领域条例立项数最多,其次是生态保护领域和大气污染防治领域;从地方环境"首法"立项分布来看,水环境保护类条例多分布于位于水系末端的沿海各省,大气污染防治条例则主要集中于京津冀及其周边空气质量较差的区域。当前国家高度重视生态文明建设,各地有必要抓住地方立法这一机遇,研究出台地方环境条例,助力地方环境管理水平的提升。     

元素硫对825合金在高温高压含CO2/H2S环境中腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究元素硫对825合金在高温高压含CO2/H2S环境中腐蚀行为的影响,为评价825合金在高温高压含CO2/H2S和元素硫环境中的适应性提供依据。方法将825合金分别置于含元素硫和不含元素硫的模拟气田环境中,进行高温高压含硫实验。采用失重法、高温高压电化学法、扫描电镜和能谱测试方法对825合金的均匀腐蚀、局部腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,揭示元素硫对825合金在高温高压含H2S和CO2环境中腐蚀行为的影响规律。结果在不含元素硫的环境中,825合金的均匀腐蚀速率仅为0.0217 mm/a,无局部腐蚀现象产生,也没有检测到明显的点蚀噪声信号;在含元素硫的环境中,825合金的均匀腐蚀速率高达0.469 mm/a,具有明显的局部腐蚀特征,且点蚀噪声信号显著,与光学照片观察结果一致。结论825合金在高温高压含元素硫和氯离子环境中容易发生局部腐蚀,这主要是由于元素硫在水溶液中发生水解反应,在局部区域生成了H2S和H2SO4,在高温和氯离子的耦合作用下,显著地加剧了825合金的腐蚀,腐蚀产物以氧化物和硫化物为主。     

农牧民参与政府主导生态建设工程的初始行为响应——以江西山江湖和青海三江源为例

使用参与式农村评估方法对江西山江湖4县(市)的508户农民和青海三江源玛多县151户牧民进行住户访谈,使用生态时限法和EXCEL统计方法理解他们对初始参与生态建设工程的响应差异。结果表明:①山江湖农民参与生态建设的直接行为体现为投工投劳参与完成政府主导的山场造林,而三江源牧民的初始直接参与则体现为以少畜或无畜牧户为主的生态移民。对农牧民被动参与生态建设的调整上,山江湖仅需要进行产权明确,让农户自行参与和收益,而三江源的牧民行为调整并不仅仅是提高安置补偿费用和年限的问题,而更多地要考虑牧民宗教习俗的变迁;②山江湖农户的间接参与是在外来力量胁迫或冲击下自身利益最大化和产生有助于山场恢复的响应,主要受制于劳动力务农机会成本提升、养殖风险增大等的驱动,而不是农户的自觉行为,而三江源牧民的间接参与主要是在政府引导下传统牧业行为发生变迁的结果,"禁牧-围栏-减畜"是适宜于草场压力减轻和不完全改变传统牧业行为的牧民间接参与的首选响应;③山江湖农民转产具有较大的主动性,是农民综合权衡农业和非农收入差距的基础上作出的理性选择,转产后的生态效应展现出山场压力的长效减轻,反弹风险降低,而三江源牧民转产则显示出很大的被动性,是政府和牧民在对"清贫富饶"博弈后,由政府主导为牧民提供培训、就业、教育等机会和优惠政策下牧民被动参与的结果。转产后草场生态好转的反弹风险较大。该研究结果有助于为集中型生态重建和减压型生态恢复的生态建设工程中农牧民参与提供更为有效的数据和思路支撑。     

基本环境质量与地方政府公共服务

环境资源具有公共物品属性。环境保护是一种为社会提供集体利益的公共物品和劳务。通过保护自然环境,防治污染和其它公害,扩大有用资源再生产,其产品就是环境质量。基本环境质量是在环境容量允许的情况下,能满足人类的基本需要的水清、天蓝、地干净的宜居环境,是能喝上干净水、呼吸清洁空气、吃上放心食物的安康环境。基本环境质量是人民群众健康生活和经济社会可持续发展的基础,是广大人民群众应当享受的最基本的环境权益。政府承担着公众赋予的公共职能和公共权力。地方各级政府是以提供公共产品、为人民服务为首要职责的公共服务型政府。基本的环境质量是一种公共产品,是政府必须确保的公共服务。