新形势下环境维权发展与研究

随着环境污染形势的加剧、社会民众环保意识的提高,环境维权开始在中国逐渐发展起来,虽然目前仍处于初级阶段,面临着诉讼维权困难、相关体制不健全等众多问题,但环境维权在新形势下已经呈现出诸多新的特征.本文通过对常州外国语学校"常外"事件进行分析,阐述了中国目前环境维权事件所具备的新特征,并在此基础上,从转变政府职能、拓展利益诉求渠道、加强法治力度三个角度出发,对政府管理提出相关建议,希望能够完善环境维权制度、促进环境维权在中国的健康发展.     

我国地方海洋立法技术分析

从立法技术这一独特视野,运用法理学、立法学的基本理论,从对地方海洋法和立法技术的正确理解和把握入手,剖析了我国现行地方海洋法规在立法技术方面存在的具体问题.提出了加强地方海洋立法理论研究、形成综合立法机制、完善地方海洋立法各项具体制度等针对性对策和建议,以有助于我国地方海洋立法科学化,加快海洋法治建设进程.     

海外石油工程项目社会安全管理反思——基于“1.28”中水电苏丹项目员工被劫持事件

发生在2012年1月28日的中水电集团苏丹项目29名中方员工被劫持事件,极大地牵动了国人的心弦,其影响范围之广,关注度之高前所未有。与之相比,中国石油集团公司海外项目所在国家有20多个属于较高风险国家,在这些国家的石油项目同样面临着诸如社区滋扰、绑架劫持、武装袭击、战争等巨大安保风险。如何有效保障海外石油工程项目中方员工人身和资产安全,不得不再次引起我们的思考。本文通过对"1.28"事件这一典型非传统领域社会安全事件的分析,结合海外社会安全管理特点,提出了加强海外石油工程项目社会安全管理的几点思考,以供参考。     

局部通风机实际特性的近似处理方法及应用研究

针对目前局部风机特性曲线很难得到或应用而导致局部通风研究受限问题,提出一种根据局部风机风量及风压范围近似求解风机特性曲线的方法。该方法采用一次线性插值函数代替风机特性曲线函数,结合风阻特性曲线得到风机工况。基于该方法可进行局部风机选型或预测既定型号风机工况点及风筒出口风量,同时可确定长距离掘进通风中钻孔通风有效风量与钻孔长度、直径的关系,也可确定风库中转位置与风筒长度的关系。应用分析结果表明:用一次函数代替稳定区域风机特性曲线函数不仅简单方便,结果较精确,且方法可靠、实用性高。     

Incorporation of environmental issues in South Africa’s municipal Integrated Development Plans

The transition to full democracy in South Africa in 1994 saw local government becoming the focal point for dealing with socio-economic development needs of communities. The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) has been used as the tool for guiding local development objectives, balanced against environmental demands within a sustainable development paradigm. Here we examine the extent to which this is being achieved through an analysis of IDPs from 35 different municipalities at three scales. We test the hypothesis that the metropolitan municipalities are better at mainstreaming environmental issues into their IDPs than local and district municipalities. Results indicate that mainstreaming environmental issues in IDPs is still low. The hypothesis that metropoles are better at mainstreaming environmental issues than district and local municipalities was not accepted since there were no significant differences between municipalities. There was low relative budget allocations and inclusion of vision and mission statements that mainstream environmental issues in all municipalities. For mainstreaming of environmental issues to be effective in IDPs, both proactive approaches and multi-faceted bottom-up and top-down approaches are suggested.     

From local sustainable development towards climate change adaptation: a case study of Serbia

The recent 2014 floods in Serbia highlighted the potential extent of climate-related risks in the region, resulting in more than 30 deaths and more than 30,000 displaced people, with the overall cost of the damage close to €1.5 billion. By the end of this century, Serbia will experience an increase in temperature of up to 4°C and a decrease in summer precipitation of up to 50%. Adaptation to those changes calls for the redefinition of a strategic approach and the integration of climate change challenges into the processes of local sustainable development planning. The objective of this study was to assess current local sustainable development strategies (LSDSs) and highlight some of the threats and opportunities which may help or hinder the adaptation process, the evaluation of development priorities, coordination mechanisms at the local level and risk management practice. Based on climate trends and vulnerability level, 20 of the potentially most vulnerable municipalities in Serbia were selected. The analysis shows that although local sustainable development planning still lacks cross-sectorial planning practice and risk management plans and measures, and does not yet recognize vulnerable sectors as climate sensitive, it can still serve as a platform for adaptation planning. Based on the assessed LSDS framework, the most suitable approach to the development of an adaption strategy is the vulnerability-based approach. At the same time, the potential for initiating adaptation planning is recognized in the utilization of already established networks with external and international donors and planning experts, joined county or regional adaptation planning, and cross-border collaboration.     

关于建立重大工程项目绿色管理制度的思考

本文以可持续发展、生态文明和绿色发展理念为指导,指出了重大工程项目绿色管理的重要意义,构建了重大工程项目绿色管理的概念、内涵、特征、驱动力等理论体系,给出了重大工程项目的绿色决策、绿色设计、绿色施工、绿色运营等绿色管理方法和基于可持续发展指标、碳足迹指标和节能减排指标的绩效评估指标体系,分析了国内外几个典型重大工程项目绿色管理的先进经验和做法,指出了当前我国重大工程项目绿色管理存在的问题和面临的挑战,从制定绿色管理战略和规划、加强全生命周期绿色管理、加强绿色设计与施工、加强绿色技术创新、开展绿色绩效评估、开展重大工程绿色试点示范等六个方面提出了建立我国重大工程项目绿色管理的建议。     

Natural resource depletion and the economic performance of local districts: suggestions from a within-country analysis

SUMMARY

Studying the interactions among ecological factors and economic performance measured at the local scale is necessary to suggest policies able to mitigate natural resource depletion in complex ecosystems, like those in the Mediterranean region. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship among natural resource depletion due to land degradation (LD) and some economic characteristics of local labour systems in Italy, a country where many areas, especially southern regions, are vulnerable. LD was estimated using an environmental sensitive area index, covering the national territory at a fine scale, which takes into account ecological factors such as climate, soil and vegetation. Economic indicators used here consider per capita income, land productivity, production and labour productivity by sector (agriculture, industry and services). A regression analysis was built-up at the LLS scale using an index change over time (1990–2000) as dependent variable and economic variables as predictors. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to synthesise the outputs of the regression analysis. Results indicate a negative relationship among per capita income and LD over the whole study area. However, other variables showed a significant correlation with the dependent variable, highlighting the importance of local factors to increase land vulnerability. In order to clarify the contribution of economic factors to natural resource depletion it is necessary to drive integrate policies to combat LD in dry Mediterranean areas.     

面向社区的参与式灾害风险评估模型研究

以社区为基础的灾害风险评估是目前国际研究的热点问题.在对社区灾害风险评估的基本理论和特点分析的基础上,针对现有灾害风险评估模型的不足,构建了面向社区的参与式灾害风险评估模型(CBPDRAM),为提高我国社区灾害风险评估的科学性提供参考.