Monitoring The Dynamics Of Coastal Vegetation In Southwestern Taiwan

This study analyzes the results of the first 5 years of long-term environmental monitoring of the dynamics of coastal vegetation communities in southwestern Taiwan. Seven permanent plots were established in major vegetation communities, including grassland, windbreak forest, and secondary succession forest. Results showed that species richness decreased yearly in grasslands but fluctuated moderately in the forest plots. A Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to evaluate the similarities of species composition between different monitoring years. Species composition changed rapidly in grassland sites, with the similarity coefficient dropping from 82 to 29% in 5 years. The similarity coefficient of vegetation in the compositehardwood forest dropped from 80 to 50%, indicating that at least half the species were the same as those in the beginning and that the composition of forest communities was more stable than that of grassland communities. Dominant species in the forest community changed gradually during the monitoring period. The original planting of Casuarina equisetifolia in windbreak forests decreased year by year in most of the plots, while Cerbera manghas and Ficus microcarpa became the dominant species. The trend of replacement of dominant species indicates that most of the vegetation communities are still in successional stages.     

A GIS-based approach for the long-term prediction of human health risks at contaminated sites

A Health Index/Risk Evaluation Tool (HIRET) has been developed for the integration of risk assessment and spatial planning using GIS capabilities. The method is meant to assist decision makers and site owners in the evaluation of potential human health risk with respect to land use. Human health risk defined as the potential adverse effects on human life or health is generally accepted as the most important aspect for site assessment and planning of remediation strategies. It concerns polluted sites that endanger human health on one hand and derelict land that does not cause the immediate risk on the other hand. In current state-of-the-art risk-assessment, long-term spatial and temporal changes of risks, in relation to changes in contamination patterns and land use functions, are not taken into account. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology developed for human health risk assessment in aspect of spatial and temporal domain. HIRET was developed as an extension for ESRI software ArcView 3.2 and allows performing dynamic human health risk assessment in long-term period, which is relevant for land use planning. The paper illustrates how such methodology can assist in environmental decision-making to enhance the efficiency of contaminated land management. A case study of contaminated site is given showing how data can be used within a GIS framework to produce maps indicating areas of potential human health risk.     

Atmospheric Deposition on Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) Plots

Atmospheric deposition of the major elements was estimated from throughfall and bulk deposition measurements on 13 plots of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) between 1995 and 2001. Independent estimates of the wet and dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on these same plots were gained from combined simplified models. The highest deposition fluxes were measured at Novaggio (Southern Switzerland), exposed to heavy air pollution originating from the Po Plain, with throughfall fluxes averaging 29 kg ha^–1 a^–1 for N and 15 kg ha^–1 a^–1 for S. Low deposition fluxes were measured on the plots above 1800 m, with throughfall fluxes lower than 4.5 kg ha^–1 a^–1 for N and lower than 3 kg ha^–1 a^–1 for S. The wet deposition of N and S derived from bulk deposition was close to the modeled wet deposition, but the dry deposition derived from throughfall was significantly lower than the modeled dry deposition for both compounds. However, both the throughfall method and the model yielded total deposition estimates of N which exceeded the critical loads calculated on the basis of long-term mass balance considerations. These estimates were within or above the range of empirical critical loads except above 1800 m.     

长江三峡水利工程库区秭归县城关镇移民卫生规划研究

按照三峡工程观划,选择库区湖北省境内淹没损失最重和搬迁人口最多的秭归县归州镇和《秭归县移民安置规划(草案)》选定的本县迁入地区茅坪乡的农村为观察对象,对其自然环境、环境医学条件,水源卫生和人群健康等进行了深入调查,同时测定了饮水碘、氟的含量,居室内丙种射线强度,利用血清流行病学方法检查茅坪4.8万和将要迁入的1.1万人口的健康状况。调查得到的大量监测数据为制定卫生规划和防病对策提供充分的医学依据。     

营口水上油污应急计划的制定与实施

论述制定营口水上油污应急计划的必要性及其应包括的基本内容。分析实施营口水上油污应急计划中存在的问题，并提出相应的建议。     

可持续城市研究进展及其对国土空间规划的启示

可持续城市是很多学科和领域关注的焦点。智能化和网络社会的演进促进了技术与可持续发展的关系研究,可持续城市研究亟需创新理论和方法。国内学界对可持续城市的前沿关注不够,结合国土空间规划的反思和探讨欠缺。因此,借助CiteSpace软件对国内外可持续城市研究进行系统评述,分析其演进脉络和研究热点,并探讨其对国土空间规划的启示。可持续城市研究主要经历了萌芽、兴起、增长、扩散四个阶段。可持续城市应当以自然、社会和技术三者的协调发展为核心。可持续城市的国际研究主要集中在气候变化、城市治理和智慧城市三个方面,并由"可持续"向"可持续智能"转变,大数据辅助城市规划成为趋势,社区多元主体共治逐渐增强。新可持续智能城市研究框架与国土空间规划的结合将是未来研究的关键。中国需要加强可持续智能城市的研究和实践,提出科学的可持续智能城市评价指标体系,结合国情重视城乡共治,并将这些理念渗透在国土空间规划中。     

矿产资源规划环境影响评价研究——以铜陵市为例

矿产资源规划环境影响评价有利于矿产资源的可持续利用和矿区的环境保护。基于可持续发展的角度从系统发展的稳定性、协调性、水平度三个方面构建评价指标体系,建立评价模型。以铜陵市为实例分析,铜陵市矿产资源规划环境影响评价值达0.835 7,整体满足可持续发展要求,规划目标合理,资源利用转换效率高,矿产开采效率和矿业结构调整措施合理;但生态环境协调性有待加强,环保投资率偏低,矿山生态恢复治理与土地复垦力度不足。     

西昌市强震断裂避让调查研究

本文详细整理国内外关于强震发震断裂地表破裂避让的有关研究成果,结合对汶川大地震现场的考察,提出在编制城市防震减灾规划中考虑断层避让的工作原则和框架.包括应避让的活动断裂定义,避让的条件,避让范围,并应用于编制西昌市防震减灾规划.     

借鉴和反思:美国《应急计划与社区知情权法案》介述

日本3.11大地震发生后,衍生的福岛核事故令世人震惊。关于核物质等危险物质的安全问题的法律努力其实早已开始并渐进发展。本文通过对美国1986年《应急计划与社区知情权法案》的简介和概述,以期对我国应对突发事件的法制建设有所裨益。     

基于禀赋与压力的城市环境综合分区理论与方法研究

环境综合分区是城市环境总体规划的主要任务和落实资源合理利用与生态环境保护空间约束的重要手段.基于资源环境禀赋和压力的环境综合分区理论与方法,在生态功能分区和大气环境、水环境、水资源、土地资源分区基础上,提出城市环境综合分区二级区划方案,以大连市为例进行实证研究.根据综合分区方案,针对资源环境问题和发展现状,细化生态保护红线及产业空间准入线,引导城市资源利用与环境保护,更好地指导城市建设与产业发展.