SUMMER LOW FLOWS IN NEW ENGLAND DURING THE 20TH CENTURY1

ABSTRACT: High springtime river flows came earlier by one to two weeks in large parts of northern New England during the 20th Century. In this study it was hypothesized that late spring/early summer recessional flows and late summer/early fall low flows could also be occurring earlier. This could result in a longer period of low flow recession and a decrease in the magnitude of low flows. To test this hypothesis, variations over time in the magnitude and timing of low flows were analyzed. To help understand the relation between low flows and climatic variables in New England, low flows were correlated with air temperatures and precipitation. Analysis of data from 23 rural, unregulated rivers across New England indicated little evidence of consistent changes in the timing or magnitude of late summer/early fall low flows during the 20th Century. The interannual variability in the timing and magnitude of the low flows in northern New England was explained much more by the interannual variability in precipitation than by the interannual variability of air temperatures. The highest correlation between the magnitude of the low flows and air temperatures was with May through November temperatures (r =?0.37, p= 0.0017), while the highest correlation with precipitation was with July through August precipitation (r = 0.67, p > 0.0001).     

BASE FLOW RECESSION RATES,LOW FLOWS,AND HYDROLOGIC FEATURES OF SMALL WATERSHEDS IN PENNSYLVANIA,USA1

This paper examines the relationships between measurable watershed hydrologic features, base flow recession rates, and the Q_7,10 low flow statistic (the annual minimum seven‐day average streamflow occurring once every 10 years on average). Base flow recession constants were determined by analyzing hydrograph recession data from 24 small (>130 km²), unregulated watersheds across five major physiographic provinces of Pennsylvania, providing a highly variable dataset. Geomorphic, hydrogeologic, and land use parameters were determined for each watershed. The base flow recession constant was found to be most strongly correlated to drainage density, geologic index, and ruggedness number (watershed slope); however, these three parameters are intercorrelated. Multiple regression models were developed for predicting the recession rate, and it was found that only two parameters, drainage density and hydrologic soil group, were required to obtain good estimates of the recession constant. Equations were also developed to relate the recession rates to Q_7,10 per unit area, and to the Q_7,10/Q₅₀ ratio. Using these equations, estimates of base flow recession rates, Q_7,10, and streamflow reduction under drought conditions can be made for small, ungaged basins across a wide range of physiography.     

低气压试验标准及试验技术分析

详细阐述了低气压环境对装备的各种影响,介绍了我国主要军用、民用环境试验标准中规定的试验程序及其应用对象,分析了有关低气压试验条件,包括低气压贮存、工作和快速/爆炸减压的试验条件和变化速率,最后简单介绍了低气压试验设备的一般要求、特别是快速减压和爆炸减压设备的使用和低气压试验技术。     

某型机车牵引电机传动端轴承低速轻载无飞溅润滑试验研究

主要根据客户要求,在低速(1 km/h)及轻载工况下,测量传动端轴承无飞溅润滑条件下的温升等参数,而进行相关的电机试验,为某型机车牵引电机传动端轴承在低速及轻载工况下,无飞溅润滑提供试验验证及技术支撑。     

中国低中放近地表处置场环境评价方法研究

放射性废物的处置是对其管理的最终步骤.放射性废物处置的基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免受电离辐射的有害影响.开展处置场环境影响评价可以量化它对人体健康和环境潜在影响.通过与IAEA近十几年的最新研究成果相比较,分析了中国低中放近地表处置场现行评价方法的不足,提出了改进方式,并对中国近地表处置场环境影响评价技术研究下一步应开展的工作进行了探讨.     

太湖流域污水处理厂低温生物脱氮运行模式研究

以苏州工业园区第二污水厂在冬季低温下的实际运行为例,重点分析了低温生物脱氮的影响因子,并探讨影响低温生物脱氮的因素.根据污水处理厂冬季水温特征和低温脱氮影响规律,结合污水厂运行经验和数据分析提出太湖流域污水厂低温生物脱氮的适合措施,以达到低温下保证运行效果使出水达标,并结合冬季低温下太湖流域污水厂的特点,为保证总氮出水达标提出来了相应的解决方案和措施.     

福建省工业CO2排放效率评价研究

运用基于非期望产出、非径向、非角度的SBM-DEA模型,对2005年-2014年福建省工业35个行业CO2排放效率进行评价,然后通过行业效率值动态聚类深入揭示福建省工业行业CO2排放特质,最后提出福建省工业低碳发展的建议.研究表明:福建省工业存在较大的节能减排空间,高效率行业具有技术进步显著的优势,中效率行业效率值受贸易结构影响,低效率行业普遍存在产能过剩的问题.因此,福建省工业低碳转型需要调整能源消费结构、推进低碳技术进步、优化贸易结构、消化过剩产能.     

低中放处置场环境评价参数灵敏度分析

选取90Sr、239Pu和14C为代表核素,采用单参数变分法对某低中水平放射性固体废物处置场环境影响评价中与核素迁移相关的主要评价参数开展了参数灵敏度分析.分析结果表明:对于低中放处置场而言,环境影响评价模式中主要评价参数的选择对最终评价结果的影响很大,因此在环境影响评价中开展不确定度及敏感度分析是必要的.     

Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2低温催化还原NO性能研究

以纳米ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂,考察了活性组分配比和助剂负载量对催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS和BET表征;探讨了温度、H2O和SO2对Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂低温下NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响,结果表明,无SO2和H2O条件下,8%Fe-10%MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.120℃时,催化剂的脱硝效率为85.23%,当温度升至180℃时,脱硝效率可达到92.0%.SO2和H2O共存条件下,催化剂易失活,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对各反应阶段的催化剂进行了表征,对其失活机制进行深入研究,结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是催化剂表面硫酸铵盐的沉积和催化剂本身活性成分的硫酸盐化.     

TiO2/PS/Fe3O4 光催化剂的低温制备及其光催化和磁回收性能

以聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆油酸修饰过的纳米Fe3O4为磁核,在低温(90℃)、中性(pH=7左右)条件下,制备了以PS为惰性隔离层的磁载TiO2光催化剂.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对催化剂的物相组成、形貌、表面性质、磁学性质进行了表征.以苯酚为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化活性,以自制的磁回收装置,考察其回收特性.结果表明,低温制备的TiO2为锐钛矿结构,平均粒径为2～5 nm,催化剂TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[其中物质的量比为n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]具有结构完整的壳/壳/核结构,TiO2在PS/Fe3O4表面负载牢固;光催化降解苯酚遵循一级反应动力学方程,TiO2/PS/Fe3O4[n(TiO2)∶n(St)∶n(Fe3O4)=60∶2.5∶1]的反应速率常数K=0.025 8,与纯TiO2的活性接近(K=0.026 2);循环使用5次后,反应速率常数仅降低0.003 4.所制催化剂具有较强的磁感应强度,平均回收率可达到92%以上.该低温水解法制备的磁载TiO2光催化剂具有良好的应用前景.