低温磁性铁基SCR烟气脱硝的实验研究

在流化床反应器中,以磁性铁氧化物(Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3)颗粒为床料,氨为还原剂,进行了中低温SCR烟气脱硝实验研究,然后对反应辅加磁场,初步研究磁场对磁性γ-Fe2O3催化剂SCR脱硝的影响,并对床料进行了XRD分析.结果表明,Fe3O4的SCR活性较差,γ-Fe2O3的SCR活性较佳,在250℃其催化脱硝效率能达到90%,但在250℃以上Fe2O3会对氨的氧化起作用,因而在250℃及以下的邻近温度区间是最佳催化温度区间.此外,在150~290℃,外加磁场能促进γ-Fe2O3对NO的吸附,提高脱硝效率,使250℃时的脱硝效率达到95%左右,但在290℃以上,则会降低脱硝效率.为了抑制氨的氧化,发挥磁场对γ-Fe2O3脱硝的作用,适合在200~250℃低温区间内采用γ-Fe2O3催化剂进行SCR脱硝.     

低温环境试验条件恢复的防凝露问题

综合分析了电子产品在做完低温环境试验后,采取条件恢复方法进行恢复处理的利与弊,重点分析了采用直接快速升温对产品进行恢复处理是导致试件凝露的主要原因,通过论证试验提出了2种解决问题的方法,通过验证试验证明,这2种新的恢复方法科学合理、简单易行、效果良好。     

Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原NO的低温活性及抗毒化性能

用浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂,考察了其在O2存在条件下选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性和抗SO2及H2O毒化的性能.结果表明,反应温度、空间速度、NO进口浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对NO转化率的影响较小;在120℃的低温条件下,该催化剂显示了良好的催化活性,NO的转化率始终保持在95%以上.该催化剂有良好的同时抗SO2和H2O毒化能力.     

Performance and mechanism study for low-temperature SCR of NO with propylene in excess oxygen over Pt/TiO2 catalyst

A 0.5 wt.% Pt/TiO2 catalyst was prepared and used for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with C3 H6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The effects of Pt loading and O2 concentration on Pt/TiO2 catalytic performance for low-temperature SCR were investigated.It was found that optimal Pt loading was 0.5 wt.% and excess O2 favored low-temperature SCR of NOx.The mechanism of low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was investigated with respect to the behavior of adsorbed species over Pt/TiO2 at 150°C using in situ DRIFTS.The results indicated that surface nitrosyl species(Pt δ+-NO and Ti 3+-NO) and Pt 2+-CO are main reaction intermediates during the interactions of NO,C3 H6 and O2.A simplified NO decomposition mechanism for the low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was proposed.     

Investigation of air pollution concentration in Kathmandu valley during winter season

The monthly concentrations of NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 measured by a passive sampler from February 2003 to January 2004 showed that the air pollution during the winter season in Kathmandu valley was higher than the summer season. The O3 level was found the highest during April, May and June due to strong radiation. The hourly concentrations of NO2, NOx, O3 and suspended particulate matter（SPM） were also measured by automatic instruments on December 2003. Temperature at the height of 60 m and 400 m at Raniban Mountain in the northwest of Kathmandu valley was measured on February 2001 in the winter season and the average potential temperature gradient was estimated from observed temperature. Wind speed was also measured at the department of hydrology, airport section, from 18 February to 6 March 2001. It was found that the stable layer and the calm condition in the atmosphere strongly affected the appearance of the maximum concentrations of NO2 and SPM in the morning, and that the unstable layer and the windy condition in the atmosphere was considerably relevant to the decrease of air pollution concentrations at daytime. The emission amounts of NOx, HCs and total suspended particle（TSP） from transport sector in 2003 were estimated from the increasing rate of vehicles on the basis of the emission amounts in 1993 to be 3751 t/a, 30570 t/a and 1317 t/a, respectively. The diurnal concentrations in 2003 calculated by the two-layers box model reproduced the characteristics of air pollution in Kathmandu valley such as the maximum value of O3 and its time, the maximum value of NO in the morning, and the decrease of NO and NO2 at daytime. The comparison with the concentrations in 1993 calculated suggested that the main cause of air pollution was the emission from transport sector.     

燃煤电厂细颗粒物排放粒径分布特征

目前细颗粒物区域污染已成为普遍现象,控制燃煤电厂细颗粒物的排放是控制大气中细颗粒物的重要途径之一,而了解燃煤电厂细颗粒物的排放粒径分布及其形成的可能原因和影响因素显得尤为重要.针对浙江某电厂660 MW燃煤机组,在120、100、90和85℃四种不同运行工况下,采用Dekati ELPI+对电除尘器入口和出口以及烟囱60 m横断面处烟尘进行多平台同步采样测试,以研究该电厂所排放细颗粒物的粒径分布特征、不同工况下细颗粒物的排放浓度及其变化规律.结果表明:① 不同工况下,电除尘器出口和烟囱60 m横断面处颗粒物数浓度都主要集中在亚微米态（粒径 < 1 μm）,并随粒径增大而数浓度快速减小.② 随着烟冷器出口烟气温度的降低,烟气经过除尘装置后,无论是颗粒数浓度还是质量浓度均有一定程度的下降,但当烟气温度降至90℃时,继续降温对电除尘器除尘效果的影响基本趋于恒定.③ 无论燃用设计煤还是校验煤,当烟冷器出口烟气温度相对较低时,经脱硫后积聚模态颗粒物质量浓度较除尘后有明显增加;而烟气温度较高时,呈现出脱硫后较除尘后粗模态颗粒物质量浓度增长的现象.④ 当原烟气稀释倍数从7倍增至10倍时,6~27 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度呈指数倍增长,说明稀释过程主要影响纳米级颗粒物的数浓度.⑤ 燃用设计煤,烟冷器出口烟气温度90℃时,电除尘器对PM₁的去除效果最明显为63.9%~99.8%,可见降低电除尘器入口运行烟温,可促进其对亚微米态颗粒物的捕集率.      

几种常见非国标法颗粒物切割器性能评价及问题分析

通过搭建基于静态箱法的切割器捕集效率评价系统,分别评价了几种常见国产非国标法颗粒物切割器的性能.结果表明,2~3 L·min^-1的小流量国产切割器的D_a50在2.5 μm附近,但曲线形状与标准形状差异较大,几何标准偏差不符合要求;可调流量国产切割器符合国家标准对PM_2.5切割器的性能要求,但不符合对PM₁₀切割器的性能要求;带切换阀切割器的切换阀如果未能完全切换到预定位置,会影响切割器的性能指标.通过与同类型的进口切割器对比,揭示了国产非国标法颗粒物切割器目前存在的问题较多,并对其提出了改进建议,如提高切割器的加工精度、优化切换阀控制准确度等.     

盒形件拉深模CAD系统研究

此文介绍了作者自行开发的盒形件拉深模CAD系统的组成、功能以及编程中的若干技术问题。该系统人机对话界面友好,整个设计过程程序化程度高。系统运行时只需输入工件特征数据就可根据人机对话和菜单选项完成整个设计过程,最后输出工件图、毛坯图、排样图、工序图、模具零件图及总装图。     

水镁石-水体系氢同位素分馏系数的低温实验研究

分别以氯化镁和氮化镁作为起始物料，在低温（25～90℃）溶液中采用化学方法合成水镁石．然后分别测定水镁石和水的氢同位素组成，得到水镁石-水体系的氢同位素分馏方程为：103lna=－4．88×106／T2－22．54。由于矿物-水体系氢同位素分馏的压力效应，本研究通过大气压力下的实验得到的分馏系数值，系统地低于根据高温（510～100℃）高压（100～103MPa）热液交换实验结果向低温方向外推获得的分馏系数值。与已知的其它含羟基矿物-水体系低温氢同位素分馏曲线比较的结果表明，在热力学平衡条件下，水镁石相对于高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石亏损D，但相对于外铁矿富集D。因此，合羟基矿物存在如下D富集顺序：Al－OH＞Mg－OH＞Fe－OH。     

Remediation of NAPL below the water table by steam-induced heat conduction

Previous experimental studies have shown that NAPL will be removed when it is contacted by steam. However, in full-scale operations, steam may not contact the NAPL directly and this is the situation addressed in this study. A two-dimensional intermediate scale sand box experiment was performed where an organic contaminant was emplaced below the water table at the interface between a coarse and a fine sand layer. Steam was injected above the water table and after an initial heating period the contaminant was recovered at the outlet. The experiment was successfully modeled using the numerical code T2VOC and the dominant removal mechanism was identified to be heat conduction induced boiling of the separate phase contaminant. Subsequent numerical modeling showed that this mechanism was insensitive to the porous medium properties and that it could be evaluated by considering only one-dimensional heat conduction.