保障性住房租购选择研究

在当前保障性住房供给与需求矛盾不断加深的背景下,研究保障对象对保障性住房的租赁或购买的需求特征及其关键影响因素,具有较强的必要性与现实意义。本文通过问卷调查方式获取城市中心城区受保障对象的需求特征数据,从保障对象住房需求的视角,分析影响保障性住房租赁或购买选择的相关因素。文中构建了Logit模型,并检验各因素对保障性住房租购选择的影响关系及强度。结果显示:(1)住区环境、个体特征、家庭特征、住房特征等四大类因素对保障性住房租购选择产生显著的影响;(2)住区环境中,教育资源、交通配套设施等是影响保障性住房租购选择的关键指标,这些关键指标的改善,将会使保障对象更倾向于购买保障房而不是租赁;(3)个体特征中,性别与年龄对保障性住房租购选择影响最大,相比男性、年轻人,女性、年长者更倾向于购买保障性住房而不是租赁;(4)家庭特征方面,人口数量多、经济收入高等特征的家庭更愿意选择购买保障房,但家庭人口数量的影响大于家庭经济收入;(5)住房特征中,居住稳定性对保障性住房租购选择影响最大,其次是保障性住房准入政策合理性、住房面积及户型,这些因素的改善,都将提高保障对象对保障性住房做出购买的决策。因此,提供多形式、多条件的保障性住房,才能满足不同保障对象的租赁或购买的需求。设置合理的保障性住房准入条件,构建科学合理规范的保障性住房供给标准和住房保障运行机制,才能使迫切需要租购保障房的家庭从中受益。     

土地供给、房价与中国人口半城镇化

近十多年来,中国房价快速上涨,人口半城镇化率也随之迅速上升。针对这一现象,本文首次将土地供给、房价与人口半城镇化置于同一框架下进行系统分析,采用两阶段最小二乘法,以土地出让面积作为房价的工具变量,有效克服模型的内生性,从理论和实证两个方面研究了房价上涨对人口半城镇化的影响。结果发现:土地供给减少导致房价上涨,进而推升了人口半城镇化率,抑制了农村转移人口市民化。房价每上涨一个百分点,人口半城镇化率大约上升0.189 4个百分点。在未考虑内生性的情况下,房价对人口半城镇化的影响严重被低估。而2003年后土地供给政策收紧且向中西部地区偏移是导致东部房价上涨进而推升人口半城镇化率的重要根源。另外,还发现对外开放程度提高以及人力资本积累均有利于降低人口半城镇化率,相反,财政负担能力和户籍制度改革则产生了不利影响。因此,为了降低人口半城镇化率,有序促进农村转移人口市民化,提出如下三点政策建议:(1)调整土地供给政策,并且健全住房供应体系,防止房价上涨过快。为此,需要增加东部地区以及大城市的土地供给,使土地供给与人口流动方向以及经济发展需求相匹配,同时增加廉租房和保障房的供应。(2)大力发展工业、服务业,并提高对外开放程度,以创造更多就业机会,增加居民收入,进而促进地区人口城镇化。(3)深化户籍制度,切实放宽农村转移人口的落户条件,同时还需要深化财政制度改革,增加地方公共服务并努力促进公共服务均等化。     

城市典型工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究

城市土壤既直接影响密集的城市人群,涉及众多的生命健康与安全,还通过水体、大气间接地影响城市环境的质量,因此对城市土壤污染的研究正逐渐受到人们的重视。为了解南京市典型工业企业对其所在地周围住宅区土壤中重金属含量的影响及其污染现状,选择南京梅山炼焦厂、南化磷肥厂、南京炼油厂、扬子芳烃厂、南京钢铁厂等5个典型工业区进行监测调查。结果表明,南京市典型工业区厂区土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As元素的含量都明显高于附近住宅区土壤中含量,Cr和Ni两种元素含量与其附近住宅区土壤中含量没有明显差异。分析各工业区土壤重金属污染特征发现,炼焦厂主要异常元素为锌;磷肥厂主要为铜、铅、镉、汞、砷;炼油厂主要为镍;扬子芳烃厂主要为铅;南京钢铁厂主要为铅、镉、汞。本次调查发现,对照南京市土壤背景值,典型工业用地土壤中除Cr元素外,其他7个重金属元素都存在一定程度的富集现象。     

基于文本挖掘和复杂网络的事故致因重要度评估方法——以房屋市政较大以上事故为例

为充分挖掘事故调查报告中的有效信息,明确安全管理工作的内容.首先,利用文本挖掘分析事故调查报告,采用最小词频阈值文档频改进信息增益评估函数对分词结果降噪,通过回溯特征项在报告中的具体表述,提取事故致因,再构建同义词词库.然后,引入复杂网络以改进TF-IDF,综合事故致因因素的关联特征评估其重要度.最后,以房屋市政较大及...     

城市居住小区交通噪声的空间分布特征

根据实测所得交通流量和车型分布,采用预测为主、实测为辅的方法对典型居住小区进行了交通噪声预测与评价。对小区交通噪声的空间分布作了详细的分析,发现临街住宅交通噪声超标严重。另外,敏感点在建筑物中的朝向和楼层对交通噪声影响较大。上述空间分布规律对小区交通噪声评价与防治具有指导意义。     

衡阳市住宅产业化现状与对策探讨

随着我国城镇化、工业化进一步快速推进,在发展低碳循环经济,加快建设两型社会背景下,变革传统住宅生产方式显得更加迫切.以衡阳市为例,介绍其住宅产业化现状基础上,指出了住宅产业化过程中存在的问题,并提出相关解决对策.     

复杂箱体类构件表面多功能涂层技术研究及应用

目的 解决某产品箱体等复杂构件耐磨、减摩、抗烧蚀、残渣难清理引起的腐蚀等问题。方法 开展协合涂层工艺研究及应用试验验证,通过扫描电镜观察(SEM)、成分能谱分析(EDS)及厚度、硬度、附着强度(热震法)、中性盐雾试验、球盘式摩擦磨损试验等对涂层进行性能测试。结果 该涂层厚度均匀可控,与基体结合力强,在300~500 ℃共5个热震循环后,结合力未受影响。硬度高,超过800HV1.0,与铬镀层相当。耐磨性及耐腐蚀性好,6 000次摩擦磨损试验后,无明显磨痕,中性盐雾1 200 h为评级为8级。通过涂层制备工艺对高频淬火部位性能影响研究分析,摸清了涂层制备对高频淬火部位的影响规律。通过箱体等复杂零件试生产,解决了涂层“发花”及“气馕袋”等制备问题。结论 经多轮产品试验验证,该涂层完全能满足产品使用要求。     

Green tenants: practicing a sustainability ethics for the rental housing sector

The shift towards social, government and corporate ethics which value environmental sustainability has also embraced householders in a plethora of educational guides, policies, regulations and consumer information about green home improvements, purchasing choices and household practices. In this paper, we make the claim that the rental housing sector, and in particular the private rental sector, has yet to participate, structurally, culturally and materially, in this shift to an ethics of sustainability. We argue, however, that even on such otherwise arid ground, an alternative ethic is developing, a sustainability ethic practiced by green tenants whose activities inside and outside their homes go beyond the considerable material constraints of their dwellings and incomes, and beyond the purely transactional utility of the rental contract. These activities, relational, interconnected and resilient, offer both glimpses of a greening rental housing sector, and a clearer picture of the areas where work remains to be done. Based on a research study, we conducted of the rental sector in regional Australia, and in particular of the everyday sustainability practices of tenants, we suggest that these activities are a practice-based form of care for the world, in many ways similar to Maria Puig de la Bellacasa's practice-based, human-decentred ethics which she suggests is exemplified in the permaculture movement. The stories of the tenants we interviewed for our study also point the way to other changes which are needed to enable a practice-based sustainability ethic to flourish across the rental housing sector as a whole.     

Designing sustainability for whom? Recent housing developments in Southwest Montréal

This paper sets out to show how urban sustainability issues have been addressed by social, political, and economic actors involved in housing production in Montréal. Specifically, it looks at how the environmental question has been incorporated into the practice and discourse of recent housing schemes. Principles of sustainable development such as adaptive reuse of industrial buildings and infill housing that allow for reinvestment in inner-city neighbourhoods, inclusion of affordable, or social housing in private housing developments to secure social mix, citizen participation, energy, water, and transportation matters have been increasingly circulated. By examining planning documents, design proposals, and briefs presented at public hearings on housing schemes in Southwest Montréal, a former working-class borough undergoing revitalisation, this paper shows that the values of sustainable development have been used by both private developers and local authorities to negotiate urban transformations with community groups.     

Water resource governance in China’s regional cooperation

ABSTRACT

A series of water disputes and conflicts have gradually emerged between China and some neighboring countries after 2000, influencing China’s neighborhood relations. China increasingly realizes the importance and urgency of the water resource governance in the regional cooperation, but under complicated geopolitical context, China’s water resource governance must serve several important main functions in its regional cooperation. Overall, water resource governance is the demands of crisis management and conflict prevention, and also is a kind of positive factor that promotes sub-regional cooperation. From the perspective of the current situation, China should take more proactive attitude toward the water resource governance, expand the areas and stakeholders of the water resource governance, and thus promote the formulation of water resource governance strategy.