浅谈城市房价与地价

地价与房价作为房地产市场的两个重要指标，其水平高低对房地产市场的正常、有序发展起者重要作用。房价与地价在一定范围内、一定条件下相互作用，相互影响。正确分析和处理房价与地价的关系，促进房地产业健康发展，可采取以下措施：土地交易信息公开、透明；土地及时开发，及时入市；加强对土地市场供需结构的宏观调控和经济适用房、廉租房体系的建设等。     

九宫山自然保护区功能模糊综合评价

功能评价是保护区改善管理以实现保护区最佳功能的有效手段。运用模糊数学理论和问卷调查方法,建立3层20个指标的评价体系,对九宫山自然保护区的功能进行模糊综合评价和贴近度分析。结果显示,保护区自然保护和社会发展功能评价为“好”,宣传教育、科学研究和经济发展功能评价为“一般”,因而整体功能状况评价为“好”。贴近度分析表明,改善保护区功能要从资源与景观的保护、宣传教育设施、宣传教育手段、科研基础条件、科研合作与影响、对外交流、人口素质和保护区经济效益等方面着手。提出了从加强资源与景观的保护、加强宣传教育、加强和改善科学研究、提高保护区周边人口的素质和提高保护区的经济效益等方面改善管理的一系列具体建议,以实现保护区的最佳功能。     

Measuring disaster recovery: bouncing back or reaching the counterfactual state?

How should one measure the recovery of a locale from a disaster? The measurement is crucial from a public policy and administration standpoint to determine which places should receive disaster assistance, and it affects the performance evaluation of disaster recovery programmes. This paper compares two approaches to measuring recovery: (i) bouncing back to pre‐disaster conditions; and (ii) attaining the counterfactual state. The former centres on returning to normalcy following disaster‐induced losses, whereas the latter focuses on attaining the state, using quasi‐experimental design, which would have existed if the disaster had not occurred. Both are employed here to assess two housing recovery indicators (total new units and their valuations) in Hurricane Katrina‐affected counties (rural and urban). The examination reveals significantly different outcomes for the two approaches: counties have not returned to their pre‐disaster housing conditions, but they do exhibit counterfactual recovery. Moreover, rural counties may not be as vulnerable as assumed in the disaster recovery literature.     

Life cycle assessment of mobile phone housing

The life cycle assessment of the mobile phone housing in Motorola(China) Electronics Ltd. was carried out, in which materials flows and environmental emissions based on a basic production scheme were analyzed and assessed. In the manufacturing stage, such primary processes as polycarbonate molding and surface painting are included, whereas different surface finishing technologies like normal painting, electroplate, IMD and VDM etc. were assessed. The results showed that housing decoration plays a significant role within the housing life cycle. The most significant environmental impact from housing production is the photochemical ozone formation potential.Environmental impacts of different decoration techniques varied widely, for example, the electroplating technique is more environmentally frieodly than VDM. VDM consumes much more energy and raw material. In addition, the results of two alternative scenarios of dematerialization showed that material flow analysis and assessment is very important and valuable in selecting an environmentally friendly process.     

Minimization of socioeconomic disruption for displaced populations following disasters

In the aftermath of catastrophic natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis and earthquakes, emergency management agencies come under intense pressure to provide temporary housing to address the large‐scale displacement of the vulnerable population. Temporary housing is essential to enable displaced families to reestablish their normal daily activities until permanent housing solutions can be provided. Temporary housing decisions, however, have often been criticized for their failure to fulfil the socioeconomic needs of the displaced families within acceptable budgets. This paper presents the development of (1) socioeconomic disruption metrics that are capable of quantifying the socioeconomic impacts of temporary housing decisions on displaced populations; and (2) a robust multi‐objective optimization model for temporary housing that is capable of simultaneously minimizing socioeconomic disruptions and public expenditures in an effective and efficient manner. A large‐scale application example is optimized to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities ingenerating optimal plans for realistic temporary housing problems.     

公共租赁住房项目建设生态环境影响评价——以济南市西蒋峪片区为例

在分析济南市西蒋峪片区公共租赁住房评价区生态环境现状的基础上,从土地利用、生物、水土流失和景观类型等方面分析了施工期和运营期项目对生态环境的影响,在此基础上提出了公租房建设中的景观生态建设和植被保护与恢复等生态保护和恢复的对策。     

邻里效应作用下的人口流动与中国农村贫困动态

改革开放以来,我国扶贫取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是,要实现习近平主席提出的到2020年全面建成小康社会,扶贫任务依然艰巨。在传统扶贫政策的效力日渐式微的情况下,我们亟需探讨扶贫政策的新方式,也需要更深入挖掘政策能有效作用于贫困人口的传导机制和途径。本文认为,邻里效应是一种通过影响贫困者行为进而影响贫困动态的传导机制之一。基于此,本文采用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)1991-2011年共8年的面板数据,使用非线性的两阶段面板Probit模型,研究邻里效应作用下的人口流动与中国农村贫困的动态变迁。结论显示,邻里效应对个体的流动决策与贫困的动态变迁具有非常显著的作用力,即村中人口流动状况对个体决定是否流动具有显著的影响,只有当村流动人口比例超过某个临界值时,个体才会选择流出,且人口流动会降低贫困发生的可能性。村级或家户的贫困程度越高,个体流出的可能性越低。进而,邻里效应传导作用下的低人口流动和高贫困之间的相互影响导致了地区贫困的持久性与贫困聚集现象。因此,政府在实施传统扶贫政策时,需要充分利用邻里效应的作用,将贫困者行为选择纳入到一个正向的循环加强机制中,使得个体走出持久性贫困和地区跳出贫困陷阱。     

Impediments to recovery in New Orleans' Upper and Lower Ninth Ward: one year after Hurricane Katrina

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, a rapid succession of plans put forward a host of recovery options for the Upper and Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans. Much of the debate focused on catastrophic damage to residential structures and discussions of the capacity of low-income residents to repair their neighbourhoods. This article examines impediments to the current recovery process of the Upper and Lower Ninth Ward, reporting results of an October 2006 survey of 3,211 plots for structural damage, flood damage and post-storm recovery. By examining recovery one year after Hurricane Katrina, and by doing so in the light of flood and structural damage, it is possible to identify impediments to recovery that may disproportionately affect these neighbourhoods. This paper concludes with a discussion of how pre- and post-disaster inequalities have slowed recovery in the Lower Ninth Ward and of the implications this has for post-disaster recovery planning there and elsewhere.     

Suitable Housing Placement: A GIS-Based Approach

The intent of this paper is to operationalize some aspects of local sustainability in a suitable development scenario and to compare its energy-use and environmental impacts to trend development. After a discussion of suburban sprawl, local sustainability, and the current state of the Pennypack Creek Watershed in the Philadelphia metro region, these residential location scenarios are presented. The latter were created using geographic information systems software and are based on projections from the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. The impacts of the scenarios on energy use, air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, and biological integrity were estimated with very few data, and the effect on the value of generic ecosystem services was assessed. The suitable development scenario was 29% better in terms of energy use and air and greenhouse gas emissions, 2.4% worse on water quality, and 2.6% better with respect to biological integrity. Given its net beneficial results, recommendations for policies to engender suitable development are made, and an outline of an implementation plan is proposed. Thoughts regarding refinements of the present work and the applicability of the methods used here to other watersheds conclude the work.     

矿业环境相邻关系的界定及保护

环境资源利用低效,源于产权界定不清而置于公共领域.矿业环境相邻关系的界定是相应环境产权私人化的途径.由矿业环境相邻权与矿业成员环境权双向对接组成的环境相邻关系,通过法律来约束矿山企业的环境相邻权和激励相邻对方的成员环境权而共同保护矿业环境.矿山企业一方给相邻对方合理施加容忍义务,相邻对方应当容忍非实质性的或当地通行的影...