Effects of Recreational Impacts on Soil Microbial Communities

/ The functional diversity of soil microbial communities in heavilyimpacted subalpine campsites and adjacent undisturbed areas was comparedusing the Biolog method of carbon utilization profiles. Principal componentsanalysis of patterns and level of microbial activity indicate that microbialcommunities differentiate in response to disturbance in the top 6 cm of soil,while below 6 cm there were no recognizable differences between disturbed andundisturbed soil communities. Analysis of the factors that differentiate theupper microbial communities between disturbed and undisturbed sites revealedthat the percent of total carbon sources utilized was significantly less inthe disturbed (54%) than in undisturbed areas (95%). Carbonsubstrates important in the discrimination between soil communities includeplant, invertebrate, and microbial derivatives that could not be metabolizedby microbial communities from disturbed sites. Comparisons of totalculturable actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi reveal no difference in overallnumber of colony forming units (CFU) on disturbed and undisturbed sites, buta marked decrease in actinomycetes on disturbed sites. Biolog andspread-plate data combined indicate a shift in the structure and function ofthe microbial community in campsite soils, which may be a useful indicator ofsoil community disturbance.KEY WORDS: Microbial functional diversity; Anthropogenic disturbance;Recreational impacts; Carbon source profile; Subalpine     

Accurate power-sharing,voltage regulation,and SOC regulation for LVDC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system using artificial neural network

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an artificial neural network-based control strategy is proposed for low voltage DC microgrid (LVDC microgrid) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to improve power-sharing between battery and supercapacitor (SC) to suit the demand-generation imbalance, maintain state-of-charge (SOC) within boundaries and thereby to regulate the dc bus voltage. The conventional controller cannot track the SCs current rapidly with the high-frequency component that will place dynamic stress on the battery, further resulting in shorter battery life. The significant advantage is that in the proposed control strategy, redirections of unwaged battery currents to SCs for fast compensations enhance battery life span. The proposed control strategy effectiveness was investigated by simulations, including a comparison of overshoot/undershoot and settling time in dc bus voltage with a conventional control strategy. The results have been experimentally verified by hardware-in-loop (HIL) on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulator.     

GG型高压电源常见故障分析及维护

根据多年来从事GG型高压电源的设计生产及现场调试的经验,对该产品在实际应用中常见的故障进行了认真的分析,对现场调试中出现的偏励磁及反电晕现象从理论到实际问题作了深入的探讨,并根据应用中容易出现的问题对现场操作和维护人员提出了几点注意事项。     

林火对景观格局的影响及其应用

通过查阅国内外有关林火与景观生态学的资料，综述了景观对林火的可能响应过程，从景观尺度上，分析了林火干扰对景观的结构、功能、动态、格局及多样性规律的双重影响。分析了景观格局对林火的影响，阐述了林火与景观的相互关系，列举了林火在景观生态学研究中的作用。     

电网输变电系统电磁环境影响初探

分析了电网输变电系统的电磁环境特性,根据国际国内的相关标准和实测结果,探讨了电网高压输变电设施对周围环境产生的工频电磁场、无线电干扰、电磁辐射.     

电力机车在高海拔条件下运行初探

在高海拔地区运行的电力机车，由于使用地点的气压低，机车内发热部件的散热、绝缘等性能受到了不良影响，因此对其发热部件的温升限值及各部件的绝缘耐受电压值要作相应的修正。而对与试验处于同一海拔高度运行的电力机车，则温升限值可以不作修正，各部件的绝缘耐受电压值不受此限制。     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil Pollution by Lignite Mining

Lignite mining and processing has caused a pronounced impact both directly and indirectly on soils and ecosystems across large areas of the former GDR. We studied soils of pine forest ecosystems at sites affected by severe alkaline dust and sulphur deposition, stemming from lignite fired power plant emission, and at dumped sites from lignite mining. In this paper we summarize our main results and evaluate the long-term impact of lignite mining and combustion on the environment. The pine ecosystems on naturally developed soils show a clear effect of deposition history along a former deposition gradient with distinct changes in chemical properties of organic surface layers and mineral soil as well as in element turnover and cycling rates. Afforested sites on mining dumps are directly affected by the composition of the dumped substrates. Over a large area (800 km²) these substrates are dominated by Tertiary sediments with varying amounts of lignitic particles and pyrite that result in phytotoxic site conditions (pH < 3, high salt and metal contents). High amelioration doses of liming material (up to 200 t ha⁻¹) were applied for restoration purposes. We studied the development of these sites over a period of 60 years using a false-time series approach. Beside the extreme soil conditions, element budgets of these sites are characterized by very high element release rates over decades caused by pyrite oxidation and primary mineral weathering.     

冲击基本设计试验条件对机载外挂的适用性分析

借助冲击响应谱理论,分析了GJB 150.18系列标准中规定的飞行器设备冲击基本设计试验条件和机载外挂物着陆冲击试验条件的等效关系,理清了冲击基本设计试验条件考核机载外挂物的适用性问题,提出了机载外挂物挂机飞行、着陆过程中冲击环境的考核方法。     

人类干扰对闽江河口湿地土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学特征的影响

为了阐明湿地土壤生态化学计量学特征对人类干扰的响应,对闽江河口湿地受到人类不同程度干扰的芦苇沼泽、草地、滩涂养殖地、耕地、池塘养殖地和干扰恢复的弃耕地土壤的碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学特征进行了测定与分析.结果表明,土壤C/N、C/P和N/P比均表现出随着干扰程度的增大而降低,即轻度干扰的芦苇沼泽和草地(25.53、156.06、6.11和27.58、158.99、5.78)中度干扰的滩涂养殖地(25.02、96.90、3.87)高度干扰的耕地和池塘养殖地(17.55、46.19、2.65和22.30、57.51、2.62);与高度干扰的耕地相比,干扰恢复的弃耕地土壤C/N、C/P和N/P比有所提高(19.95、63.81和3.18);影响土壤C/N、C/P和N/P比的因子随干扰程度的变化而改变;土壤C/N比表现出随着干扰程度和土壤深度的变化相对较小,C/P和N/P比的变异性相对较大;碳与养分比对土壤碳储量具有良好的指示作用.     

贵阳市西郊水厂所供管网末梢水重金属污染物季节性特征及潜在健康风险评价

以贵阳市西郊水厂2014年3月和7月所供管网末梢水中10种重金属污染物检测数据为基础,进行了季节性特征分析,并采用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行了潜在健康风险评价。结果表明,贵阳市西郊水厂所供管网末梢水中10种重金属的浓度均符合国家饮用水卫生标准;重金属污染物的浓度随季节呈现出不同的特征,汞、锌、硒、钼和钡5种重金属的平均浓度呈现枯水期高于丰水期的特征,而铅、铜、锰和镍4种重金属正好相反,砷浓度的季节性特征不显著;成年人的年平均致癌风险显著大于儿童,但两者年平均非致癌风险接近;儿童和成年人2类人群经口暴露途径的健康风险值均大于皮肤暴露,其中致癌风险分别在2.49×10-6~9.16×10-6和3.26×10-8~9.59×10-8之间,非致癌风险在2.29×10-8~3.20×10-8和1.85×10-10~4.14×10-10之间,且致癌风险均大于非致癌风险。贵阳市西郊水厂所供管网末梢水中10种重金属污染物致癌风险和非致癌风险均未超过最大可接受水平,未对该供水区居民的健康造成威胁。