吸附-降解组合生物系统处理含铜离子城市污水

采用Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞为吸附剂的生物吸附过程组合SBR生物降解系统处理含铜离子城市废水.研究了生物吸附剂Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞的最佳制备条件以及组合系统的运行过程.实验结果表明,在优化的条件下,Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对铜离子的吸附容量可达87.3mg·g^-1,经生物吸附处理后,污水中Cu²⁺的含量显著降低,尽管残留的Cu²⁺对活性污泥吸附COD的能力尚有一定影响,但已不影响SBR系统对废水中COD的去除效果.研究表明,在活性污泥法处理含铜离子废水前,采用生物吸附技术降低废水中Cu²⁺含量,有利于提高后续活性污泥过程对COD的去除能力.     

生物除磷过程厌氧释磷的代谢机理及其动力学分析

运用充分曝气后的好氧末端活性污泥进行了厌氧释磷实验.结果表明,在厌氧释磷过程中VSS呈现出上升的趋势,而MLSS及灰分均呈现出下降的趋势.当微生物体内的糖原耗尽时,会引起厌氧吸收HAc及释磷过程的中断.得出ΔρPΔρPHB、ΔρGLYΔρPHB、ΔρPΔCOD、ΔρPHBΔCOD各比值的平均值分别为0.48、0.50、0.44、0.92.通过对厌氧吸收HAc及释磷动力学过程进行模拟,得到QHAc,max为164mg·g-1·h-1,QP,max为69.9mg·g-1·h-1,KGYL为0.005,KCOD为3mg·L-1.ΔρPΔCOD与溶液中pH呈明显的线性关系,且得到了二者之间的线性方程.     

多种进水碳源条件下侧流活性污泥工艺的脱氮除磷机制

为提高污水氮磷营养盐的去除能力和稳定性,侧流活性污泥工艺开始被应用于世界多地的污水处理项目.污水有机碳的水解代谢行为影响侧流工艺的营养盐去除机制,但目前的研究多侧重简单碳源物质.本文采用多种碳源种类(简单碳源乙酸钠,大分子碳源葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、豆油及其组合)模拟实际污水有机碳组成,以探索更复杂碳源在侧流工艺(主流一...     

Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using nitrite as an electron acceptor can reduce more energy. However, nitrite has been reported to have an inhibition on denitrifying phosphorus removal. In this study, the step-feed strategy was proposed to achieve low nitrite concentration, which can avoid or relieve nitrite inhibition. The results showed that denitrification rate, phosphorus uptake rate and the ratio of the phosphorus uptaken to nitrite denitrified (anoxic P/N ratio) increased when the nitrite concentration was 15 mg·L^-1 after step-feeding nitrite. The maximum denitrification rate and phosphorus uptake rate was 12.73 mg NO2-–N·g MLSS-1?h-1 and 18.75 mg PO43-–P·g MLSS-1?h-1, respectively. These rates were higher than that using nitrate (15 mg·L^-1) as an electron acceptor. The maximum anoxic P/N ratio was 1.55 mg PO43--P?mg NO2--N-1. When the nitrite concentration increased from 15 to 20 mg NO2--N?L-1 after addition of nitrite, the anoxic phosphorus uptake was inhibited by 64.85%, and the denitrification by DPAOs was inhibited by 61.25%. Denitrification rate by DPAOs decreased gradually when nitrite (about 20 mg·L^-1) was added in the step-feed SBR. These results indicated that the step-feed strategy can be used to achieve denitrifying phosphorus removal using nitrite as an electron acceptor, and nitrite concentration should be maintained at low level (<15 mg·L^-1 in this study).     

高铁酸钾氧化去除弱碱性地下水中低浓度石油类污染物实验研究

研究一般地下水弱碱性水溶液中,高铁酸钾对低浓度石油烃类污染物的氧化去除率.采用0#柴油模拟石油类污染物试验水样,氧化反应在200mL烧杯中模拟完全混合状态完成.实验分析浓度分别为5.02mg/L、2.05mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.52mg/L4个水样石油类污染物氧化去除率.实验研究显示,石油类污染浓度与高铁酸钾浓...     

水热法制备BiVO4及其可见光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水

以Bi(NO3)3•5H2O为铋源,NH4VO3为钒源,采用简单的水热法制备了BiVO4 光催化剂,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对产品进行了结构表征。同时,在BiVO4光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水反应中考察了催化剂用量、通氧量、溶液pH值、双氧水用量及光照强度对糖蜜酒精废水脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.398 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。当降解经30倍稀释的糖蜜酒精废水,BiVO4添加量为3.0 g•L−1 ,通氧量为120 L•h-1,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为9 %,不改变废水pH值,在400W镝灯离液面11cm照射反应180 min的条件下,糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为88.60 %,COD去除率为25.84%,而添加5g•L−1的FeSO4•7H2O后其脱色率和COD去除率分别提高到90.90 %和91.26%。单斜晶型BiVO4晶体的可见光催化糖蜜酒精废水过程符合一级动力学反应。     

两株异养硝化细菌的氨氮去除特性

从生物陶粒反应器中分离得到2株异养硝化细菌ZW2和ZW5,对2菌株的生理生化实验以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定菌株ZW2和ZW5分别为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis),并对其硝化性能和脱氮能力进行了研究.结果表明,2株细菌能在利用有机物的同时进行硝化和脱氮作用.经过60h的培养,ZW2和ZW5对氮素的去除率可以分别达到43.90%和48.52%,对COD的去除率分别为67.48%和78.21%.在此过程中,亚硝酸盐浓度一直保持在微量水平,硝酸盐稍有积累,说明2株异养硝化细菌同时也具有好氧反硝化功能.     

超声-Fenton法对沼液中3种四环素类和3种磺胺类抗生素氧化去除的研究

近年来,各类抗生素被广泛用于畜禽养殖,并经动物代谢后随粪便和尿液排出体外.代谢物通过沼气工程处理后,得到的沼液又多用于灌溉,使得抗生素进入环境被农作物吸收,进而通过食物链的传递对人体产生危害,因此,沼液中抗生素的去除就显得尤为重要.本文选择畜禽养殖中使用较多的6种抗生素作为目标物质,采用超声-Fenton氧化技术进行去除.通过设置单因素实验考察了超声能量密度、H_2O_2浓度、pH值、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))对抗生素去除的影响,并利用响应曲面法研究了各个因素的交互性影响,拟合出去除抗生素的最优条件.结果表明,通过单因素试验筛选出的最佳反应条件为:pH=4,H_2O_2浓度为0.04 mol·L~(-1),n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10,超声能量密度为0.050 kW·L~(-1),在此条件下四环素、土霉素、金霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶的去除率分别为91.90%、93.65%、86.09%、87.30%、77.54%、88.21%;再经由响应曲面法进一步优化实验方案得出优化条件为:pH=3.80,H_2O_2浓度为0.04 mol·L~(-1),n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10.9,超声能量密度为0.055 kW·L~(-1),在此条件下四环素、土霉素、金霉素的去除率分别为92.04%、94.23%、88.46%,磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶的去除率分别为87.98%、80.78%、89.58%,养分TN、TP、TK的保留率分别为99.1%、98.6%、100.2%.可见,超声-Fenton氧化法对沼液中抗生素的去除效果良好,同时又可保留其养分.响应曲面法对优化超声-Fenton氧化去除沼液中的抗生素具有实际应用价值,这为沼液中抗生素的去除提供了一条可能的途径.     

SBR不同进水中反硝化除磷颗粒污泥的培养

分别以人工配水、加Ca~(2+)人工配水和实际生活污水为进水水源,在A/O/A运行模式的3套SBR反应器(R1、R2和R3)中培养反硝化除磷颗粒污泥,研究了其生化特性和启动过程的除污性能,分析了反硝化除磷能力,最后对颗粒化机理进行了探讨,重点考察了反硝化除磷颗粒污泥启动过程中对COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除情况.结果表明,R1~R3均在30 d内成功得到反硝化除磷颗粒污泥,颗粒污泥平均粒径大于600μm,比重和比耗氧速率较大,含水率较低;培养过程中出水COD平均值低于40 mg·L~(-1),出水TN、NH+4-N及TP平均浓度低于1 mg·L~(-1);系统稳定后一个典型周期内试验表明,COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除效果良好,对COD、NH+4-N、TN及TP的去除率可达90%以上;R1~R3中最大比释磷速率分别达14.34、8.32和2.32 mg·g·h~(-1)(以每g MLVSS每小时释放的P量(mg)计),R1~R2中最大比吸磷速率分别达14.13和2.34mg·g·h~(-1)(以每g MLVSS每小时吸收的P量(mg)计);试验结果表明,Ca~(2+)对颗粒化有促进作用.     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.