Ecological compensation mechanism for urban green land and its application in Shanghai,China

Urban green land compensation plays an important role in county development, ecological environment management and many other fields. The concept, methods and principles of urban green land are introduced in this paper. According to the pay fee method, the value and ecological function of various types of urban green land were analyzed. The cost-benefit analysis method (CBAM) was used to estimate different external diseconomy benefits caused by green land loss. The authors applied CBAM to estimate such benefits in the case of Shanghai, China, and calculated the actual compensation value for green land. Results indicated that in 2002, the compensation value for the green land of Shanghai was RMB 8.58 × 10⁵ Yuan/hm². Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2006, 19(3): 4–6, 11 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

关于优化国有企业资本结构的思考

企业资本结构的合理与否,直接关系到生产经营活动的顺利进行,关系到企业的盈利状况,关 系到企业的生存和发展。调整企业资本结构是国企改革中必须注意的问题,也是财务学界重要的理论问 题。本文提出了如何优化国有企业资本结构的若干思考和相应措施。     

酸化-UASB-A/O工艺处理啤酒废水

本文论述了酸化-UASB-A/O工艺处理啤酒废水,研究了该工艺的设计、运行及工艺特点.经运行结果表明,在进水CODCr为1850～2400mg/L,BOD 5≤1600mg/L,SS为330～530mg/L,酸化池的水力停留时间(HRT)为4h,UASB的水力停留时间(HRT)为5.3h,A池水力停留时间(HRT)为42min.,O池的水力停留时间(HRT)为12h时,处理后出水CODCr＜100mg/L,BOD5＜20mg/L,SS＜70mg/L,处理后出水水质达到了<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准.对该工艺两年运行成本考核知:运行处理废水费用为0.474元/t.     

抚顺市重点工业行业废气污染治理成本费用分析

根据抚顺市不同行业的重点污染企业2001年污染治理的有关数据，分析了抚顺市的重点行业废气污染物治理成本。通过分析得到不同行业各企业在现有的工艺流程和治理设施正常运转的情况下，各种废气污染物的治理成本。     

我国新经济开发区水环境规划研究

本义分析了我国新经济开发区水环境规划的特点，提出了规划研究的内容、步骤和方法，给出了水环境承载力的概念和定量方法，并且确定规划方案中的水环境承载力，以此作为协调水环境保护与社会经济发展的理论依据。文中以本溪市经济开发区为例，在综合分析的基础上，制定出开发区水环境综合防治规划，并做了供选方案的费用－效益分析和可行性论证，最后，计算分析了各规划方案的水环境承载力的综合值。     

Quantifying the efficiency of soil sampling designs: A multivariate approach

The objective of this paper is to quantify and compare the loss functions of the standard two-stage design and its composite sample alternative in the context of multivariate soil sampling. The loss function is defined (conceptually) as the ratio of cost over information and measures design inefficiency. The efficiency of the design is the reciprocal of the loss function. The focus of this paper is twofold: (a) we define a measure of multivariate information using the Kullback–Leibler distance, and (b) we derive the variance-covariance structure for two soil sampling designs: a standard two-stage design and its composite sample counterpart. Randomness in the mass of soil samples is taken into account in both designs. A pilot study in Slovenia is used to demonstrate the calculations of the loss function and to compare the efficiency of the two designs. The results show that the composite sample design is more efficient than the two-stage design. The efficiency ratio is 1.3 for pH, 2.0 for C, 2.1 for N, and 2.5 for CEC. The multivariate efficiency ratio is 2.3. These ratios primarily reflect cost ratios; influence of the information is small.     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥制肥的探讨

通过对城市污水处理厂剩余污泥生产有机肥的工艺技术研究，探索出了减少污泥含水率的新途径。通过实验对比，得出采用污泥与酸矿反应制肥工艺，不仅产品性能好，而且可以降低污泥制肥的生产成本。     

‘Benefit–Cost Analysis’ Of Disaster Mitigation: Application As a Policy And Decision-Making Tool

Many proponents of disaster mitigation claim that it offers potential benefits in terms of saved lives and property far exceeding its costs. To provide evidence for this, and to justify the use of public funds, agencies involved in mitigation can use benefit–cost analysis (BCA). Such analysis, if well done, offers a testable, defensible means of evaluating and comparing projects, helps decision-makers choose between mitigation projects, and provides a means to assess the way we spend public funds. In this critical overview of the more contentious issues and latest developments in BCA, I emphasize the pragmatic choices that one can make in accordance with good practice in project evaluation.     

资源物理学及资源消耗的生态价值系数评估

本文简介了资源物理学及其拓广，提出了所有自然资源都可以用度量，给出了评价自然资源消耗的生态价值系数表达式和过程分析法，借助它可以优化资源的利用。