福建海洋资源的开发利用

本文分析了福建省的海洋资源优势与开发现状,提出了海洋资源开发的指导思想与原则,探讨海洋产业的开发和空间布局     

黄河三角洲海洋资源开发及海洋经济发展刍议

本文分析了黄河三角洲海洋资源的开发优势及开发利用现状,提出了该区域发展海洋经济的建设性意见     

北京奥运会帆船比赛前夕浒苔灾害暴发与青岛市应急行动

北京奥运会开幕前夕,青岛突发历史罕见的浒苔灾害,严重威胁到奥帆赛的举办.本文全面回顾了青岛市在应对这场突发事件的全过程,并运用现代应急管理理论,对其整个事件进行客观评述,总结了青岛市在信息公开、决策指挥、应急准备、科技支撑、综合治理、善后处置等方面的成功经验,并从应急准备、应急处置和应急队伍建设等三个方面对存在的不足和问题进行了深入地查找和分析.     

渤海海域环境现状及保护对策

根据沿海地区陆源污染调查材料,评价了渤海海域的环境质量现状,指出了渤海近岸海域污染严重,生态受到影响,离岸深水海域水质尚好。进而分析了其污染原因,提出了保护渤海环境的对策。      

热带海洋大气环境氯离子浓度立体化观测技术研究

目的 对热带海洋环境氯离子开展立体化观测,掌握热带海洋环境下大气氯离子浓度在空间上的分布规律,为海洋大气环境下装备产品和重大工程服役环境研究提供立体化观测数据支撑。方法 在观测海岸线附近科学选点,采用无人机搭载远程控制大气采样器开展大气氯离子浓度立体化观测,对不同空间高度氯离子浓度分布规律进行分析。结果 成功采集万宁某海岸线附近1 km×300 m×100 m区域1 a以上氯离子浓度数据,通过GIS技术分析并建立了氯离子浓度分布三维场,实现了氯离子浓度可视化,并随离海距离、离地高度剖切显示。结论 海南万宁某区域海岸线附近氯离子浓度在冬季最大,夏季最低,且在一定观测范围内,随观测高度增加而先增大、后降低,随离海距离增大而逐渐降低。     

The digital frontiers of fisheries governance: fish attraction devices,drones and satellites

ABSTRACT

High seas fisheries remain one of the least transparent global production practices. Distance from shore, coupled with the highly mobile nature of fish stocks, has put attention on new monitoring, control and surveillance technologies to collect spatially referenced data on the location of fishing vessels, gears and even fish stocks and eradicate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activity. Faced with their nascent implementation, research is yet to address how these technologies are reconfiguring the roles and responsibilities of public and private actors involved in fisheries management, including who collects and controls fisheries related information. In this paper, we compare three monitoring, control and surveillance technologies that are gaining traction in fisheries; the use of private fish attraction devices in oceanic tuna fisheries, unmanned public drones for marine surveillance and global satellite monitoring of fishing vessels. In doing so, we question how different configurations of actors are structuring flows of information and with what effect on sustainability performance of high seas fisheries. We also explore how these technologies configure new (and imagined) geographies of high seas fisheries which challenge existing modes of fisheries management.     

Using social resilience and resource dependency to increase the effectiveness of marine conservation initiatives in Salum,Egypt

The social and economic ramifications of marine conservation strategies such as marine protected areas (MPAs) are important to consider prior to their implementation to ensure that they do not exceed the resilience of resource-users and that resource protection might be maximised through compliance and low resistance. This paper presents a framework in which the human dimensions can be more easily and usefully integrated into the design and delivery of conservation initiatives. The framework espouses quantifying (1) the level of dependency on the resource; (2) perceptions towards conservation initiatives; and (3) social resilience. The framework is applied in Salum, Egypt, which is the site of a prospective MPA.     

抗生素对海洋厌氧氨氧化菌处理海产养殖废水的短期冲击及脱氮动力学

为解决海产养殖废水中含有的高浓度盐分及多种抗生素对生物脱氮系统稳定性的冲击,研究了3种抗生素(恩诺沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑)短期冲击下,海洋厌氧氨氧化菌(MAB)处理海产养殖废水(盐度3.5%)时的脱氮抑制特性。结果表明：当抗生素质量浓度为250 mg·L⁻¹时,首先观察到土霉素对MAB活性的明显抑制,总氮去除负荷从1.153 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹降至1.067 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹,而此时磺胺甲恶唑和恩诺沙星没有对MAB产生明显抑制;当磺胺甲恶唑和恩诺沙星的质量浓度为500 mg·L⁻¹和750 mg·L⁻¹时,MAB脱氮过程出现了抑制,抑制程度分别为6.05%和4.25%;当质量浓度为1 000 mg·L⁻¹时,恩诺沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑的抑制程度分别为15.68%、22.13%和55.44%。在盐度3.5%的高盐环境中,3种抗生素对MAB的短期抑制程度为：土霉素>磺胺甲恶唑>恩诺沙星。其中,土霉素对MAB的半抑制浓度为905.73 mg·L⁻¹。Remodified Logistic模型和Modified Gompertz模型可用于分析抗生素胁迫下的MAB抑制过程。模型拟合预测的TNRE_max值与实验结果一致,预测的R_max值表明添加不同浓度的抗生素后都会降低MAB的最大基质去除速率。本研究可为厌氧氨氧化技术在海产养殖废水处理中的应用提供参考。     

Methodological approach for metal pollution evaluation in sediments collected from the Taranto Gulf

The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, V, and Sn were determined in marine sediments collected from Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). The aim of this article is to study the methodological approach in order to evaluate total metal levels determined in marine sediments of a contaminated area (Taranto Gulf, Southern Italy), to identify contaminated areas and to predict adverse biological effects based on Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results are discussed in relation to geological characteristics of sediments in order to define background levels and anthropogenic input. Experimental results were elaborated by multivariate statistical techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The geoaccumulation index I _geo and two sets of SQGs (in particular (a) the threshold effect level (TEL), the probable effect level (PEL) and (b) the effect range-low (ERL) and the effect range median (ERM)) have been used for environmental evaluation of metal concentrations. Results show that in Taranto coastal area, Mar Piccolo basin represents the most contaminated area. A comparison with results from other Mediterranean areas demonstrates that for some metals (such as Cd, Pb, and Hg) Taranto seas represent one of the most polluted areas in the Mediterranean Sea. A comparison of metal levels with SQGs also suggests an ecotoxicological risk for benthic organisms mainly in the first inlet of Mar Piccolo.     

遗传双线性模型在海洋冰情预测中的应用

提出了一套建立双线性模型（ＢＭ）的简便方案。用作者研制的加速遗传算法可同时估计ＢＭ模型各参数,成功地解决了ＢＭ建模这一难题,为ＢＭ模型的广泛应用提供了强有力的工具。实例的计算结果说明,这套方法在海洋冰情预测中是可行而有效的,通过利用预测过程中产生的残差信息进行反馈矫正,保证了ＢＭ模型高的拟合粗度和稳健的预测性能,增强了ＢＭ对复杂非线性动态系统的适应性。该方案具有一般性,在各种非线性时序动态预测中具