弃置平台与管线对海洋环境的影响

海洋平台及海底管线会随着海上油气田的开采完成而结束其使命,并置于废弃状态。文章论述了废弃平台管线结构由于废弃失效、清洗及拆除对海洋环境所造成的不良影响及其对海洋环境的持续性影响,并从完善规章制度、严格执行环评管理程序、加强海洋环境监测、合理选择弃置方案、再利用等五方面,对海洋环境的可持续发展,有针对性地提出了科学、可行的建议。     

海油陆采HSE管理初探＊

文章阐述了国内外海油陆采HSE管理现状,通过分析总结滩海油气生产设施从设计到投入使用全过程HSE管理经验,归纳整理出可借鉴的HSE管理技术,为中国石油海油陆采油田HSE文化的培育提供了有益的建议。     

航运企业航运安全评价研究

在研讨现阶段航运安全评价技术进展的基础上,认为航运企业航运安全评价,宜采用定量和定性相结合的组合评价方法。因而构建了基于多级模糊综合评价方法的航运企业"航运安全"评价模型,从评价指标选取、指标体系建立、指标权重分析等入手,对航运企业的航运安全进行研究,并使用多级模糊综合评价方法对某航运企业A的航运安全进行了评价分析。通过分析,认为该企业急需加强企业航运安全文化建设,并加强航运企业管理体系和船员心理品质的培养。希望研究成果能为航运企业管理者提供一种全面认识和评价企业安全管理工作的工具和方法。     

Bioreduction of hexavalent chromium by Exiguobacterium indicum strain MW1 isolated from marine water of Paradip Port,Odisha, India

Hexavalent chromium-tolerant (1500?mg/L) bacterium MW1 was isolated from harbour water of Paradip Port and evaluated for Cr(VI) reduction potential. The isolate was identified as Exiguobacterium indicum by biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence methods. Salt tolerance of the bacterium was evaluated in a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0.5–13%, w/v). The Cr(VI) reduction of the strain was evaluated and optimised with varied Cr(VI) concentrations (100–1000?mg/L), pH (5.0–9.0), temperature (30–40°C) and shaking velocity (100–150?rpm) in two different minimal media (M9 and Acetate). Under optimised conditions, after 192?h of incubation nearly 92%, 50% and 46% reduction in the M9 minimal medium and 91%, 47% and 40% reduction in the acetate minimal medium were observed for 100, 500 and 1000?mg/L of Cr(VI), respectively. The exponential rate equation for Cr(VI) reduction yielded higher rate constant value, that is, 1.27?×?10^?2?h^?1 (M9) and 1.17?×?10^?2?h^?1 (Acetate) in case of 100?mg/L and became lower for 500 and 1000?mg/L Cr(VI) concentrations. Further, the association of bacterial cells with reduced product was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, UV–Vis–DRS and field-emission scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. The above study suggests that the higher reducing ability of the marine bacterium E. indicum MW1 will be suitable for Cr(VI) reduction from saline effluents.     

海洋中微塑料的环境行为和生态影响

微塑料一般指直径小于5 mm的微小型塑料颗粒或碎片,海洋中常见的微塑料类型主要包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯等。由于形状、颜色多变,分子量大,结构稳定,粒径范围与浮游植物相近,海洋中的微塑料很容易对浮游植物、浮游动物和其他海洋动物等产生影响。微塑料还可以为病毒、细菌提供附着载体,影响浮游植物分布,进入海洋生物消化道或进一步转移到组织中对机体产生毒性效应,甚至通过捕食作用沿食物链传递,对高等动物及人类健康造成威胁。此外,微塑料可以作为海水中痕量化学物质的吸附载体,对生物产生联合毒性。根据目前对微塑料的研究进展情况,未来应加强对海洋微塑料分离、鉴定技术的研发以及海洋微塑料的生物毒性效应和生物传递效应机制等问题的研究。     

Understanding local community attitudes toward industrial development in the Great Barrier Reef region World Heritage Area: are environmental impacts perceived to overshadow economic benefits?

Conflicts between industrial development and environmental conservation can be particularly acute when such development occurs in the vicinity of World Heritage sites. A key example is the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) in northeastern Australia, where a 2012 review by the World Heritage Council found that rapid port development inshore of the coral reef posed significant risks to local marine ecosystems. Such instances pose pressing challenges for decision‐makers seeking to manage World Heritage sites for multiple values and needs, including those of key stakeholder groups, such as local communities. There is increasingly a societal expectation that public decision‐making takes into account local views and priorities, and that companies seek a ‘social license to operate’. This research explored local community attitudes toward port development associated with the export of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal through the GBRWHA. Using data drawn from a survey and interviews, the research examined how a range of geographical factors, including proximity to gas infrastructure and the perceived impacts and risks of development to the local community, economy and environment shape community perceptions of the industry. Findings suggest that local attitudes toward gas and coal terminal development inshore of the GBRWHA are shaped predominantly by community perceptions of environmental impacts and risks associated with such infrastructure, in contrast to a broader public narrative that focuses largely on economic benefits. A complex combination of other factors, including social impacts, personal environmental values, community trust in industry, and equity in decision‐making and distribution of the risks and benefits of industrial development also contribute. Placed in a broader, global context, the findings have important implications for public decision‐making processes in Australia and elsewhere as they suggest that, for local communities, the perceived impacts of gas development on the environment may overshadow the benefits of industry.     

海洋环境立体监测技术

为了保护和合理利用海洋,必须对海洋环境进行长期连续、多要素、多维空间的立体监控。海洋环境立体监测系统技术摒弃了传统将水样带回实验室预处理、存放再进行后期分析的低效方法,极大地提高了数据的采集效率,减轻了海洋监测工作者的劳动强度,节省了人力、物力和财力。本文介绍了海洋环境立体监测技术中的系统集成及数据分析平台等。     

20^#钢板镀铬在海洋环境条件下的腐蚀行为分析

本文根据20^#钢板镀铬材料在我国海洋环境的暴露结果,对20^#钢板镀铬材料在我国海洋环境条件下的腐蚀速度及腐蚀原因进行分析。     

Seaweed sex pheromones and their degradation products frequently suppress amphipod feeding but rarely suppress sea urchin feeding

Summary. A diverse group of brown seaweeds produce bouquets of C₁₁ metabolites, some of which act as pheromones that cue gamete release or attract sperm to eggs following release. We demonstrate that these C₁₁ metabolites and their degradation products also frequently and strongly deter feeding by the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana, but rarely by the herbivorous sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Across the range of concentrations tested, seven of twelve C₁₁ metabolites or mixtures that we tested deterred feeding by the amphipod, but only two of eleven deterred the sea urchin. For those compounds where we could rigorously contrast the magnitude of deterrence against the amphipod with the magnitude of deterrence against the urchin, the amphipod was deterred significantly more than the urchin by five of six metabolites. Thus, C₁₁ compounds were more frequently and more strongly deterrent to the amphipod than to the sea urchin. These findings for C₁₁ metabolites conflict with previous investigations, where other classes of seaweed chemical defenses have been shown to deter feeding by large mobile herbivores like urchins and fishes but to be relatively ineffective against mesograzers, especially the species of amphipod that we used here. Our results suggest that C₁₁ metabolites are unusual among the known seaweed chemical defenses in that they are especially effective against mesograzers, which often consume seaweed spores, zygotes, and juveniles. The high concentrations of C₁₁ metabolites in brown algal eggs could allow these defenses to be especially important in defending gametes, zygotes, or young sporelings from herbivorous mesograzers. Received 26 February 1998; accepted 9 April 1998.     

海洋巨藻(Durvilaea potatorum)生物吸附剂对Hg~(2 )的吸附动力学研究

对经特殊的稳定化预处理所得的海洋巨藻 (Durvillaeapotatorum)生物吸附剂对Hg2 的吸附动力学进行了研究 ,报导了不同Hg2 初始浓度、温度以及生物吸附剂平均粒径下动态吸附量与时间的关系 .结果显示 ,各吸附动力学曲线呈优惠型 ;当生物吸附剂平均粒径为 0 .45mm时 ,Hg2 的半饱和时间tS均不超过 6 0min ;Hg2 初始浓度和生物吸附剂粒径越小 ,吸附温度越大 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短 .在测试范围内 ,生物吸附剂的平衡吸附容量与粒径和温度无关 .同时考察了吸附过程中的传质效应并对液膜传质系数kL进行了关联 ,结果表明 :当吸附时间t≤tS时 ,Hg2 的吸附速率为液膜传质控制 ;在测试范围内 ,kL为 0 .0 40 7～ 0 .112cm/s.本研究结果为利用海洋巨藻 (Durvillaeapotatorum)生物吸附剂处理含汞废水的规模化应用提供了一定的依据 .图 5表 2参 11