污泥焚烧工艺技术研究

目前焚烧工艺被世界各国认为是污泥处理中的最佳实用技术之一。在欧洲、美国、日本等国家,该工艺已日渐成熟,它以处理速度快,减量化程度高,能源再利用等突出特点而著称。并且由于近年来,世界各国的环境条件均对废弃物处理所花费的时间和所占的空间提出了更为严格的要求,因而污泥焚烧技术已逐步成为污泥处理的主流技术。我国在废物焚烧的研究方面起步较晚,特别是在污水厂剩余污泥焚烧这一领域更是缺乏基础性的研究,因此对污泥处理中焚烧这一技术的研究就显得日益重要。     

珠江口现代沉积物柱芯样多环芳烃高分辨沉积记录研究

通过对采集于珠江三角洲澳门河口区的沉积物柱状样品中多环芳烃的GC MS定量分析测定,并结合210Pb同位素定年分析,重建了珠江口近代有机污染物的污染史(1959～1996年).研究结果表明,柱芯样品中多环芳烃的浓度为0.6～4.5μg·g-1(干重计),污染程度为中等.其中在20世纪60年代和80年代分别记录到两个高的污染峰,表明这两个时间段内有较大的污染物输入.以母体化合物比值对沉积物样品中的多环芳烃来源进行了分析,结果表明是受到了以油类和不完全燃烧产物为主的混合污染,且污染来源较为单一.对沉积物毒性潜在效应的计算表明,表层沉积物毒性效应较大,且从90年代初期开始后至1996年,毒性当量浓度呈线性趋势增加.     

山岭地区铁路隧道施工安全风险评估及管理研究——以贵广铁路客运专线金宝顶隧道为例

针对山岭地区隧道工程规模越来越大,地质条件日益复杂、技术要求越来越高、施工难度也越来越大等特点,以新建贵阳至广州铁路客运专线金宝顶隧道为工程背景,采用“层次分析法”对隧道施工安全进行风险评估.通过建立风险源的层次树状图,有针对性采取隧道施工安全风险管理控制技术,为降低事故发生的可能性和控制风险事故后果损失提供了技术指导.结合金宝顶隧道风险管理的实例,对基于层次分析法的施工安全风险评估的实际运用进行总结,提出了主要的危险源和应该采取的风险控制措施,以其为同类工程提供有益借鉴.     

Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption of Improved Soil Conservation Technology in a Middle Mountain Watershed of Central Nepal

This study explores different socio-economic and institutional factors influencing the adoption of improved soil conservation technology (ISCT) on Bari land (Rainfed outward sloping terraces) in the Middle Mountain region of Central Nepal. Structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussion methods were applied to collect the necessary information from farm households. The logistic regression model predicted seven factors influencing the adoption of improved soil conservation technology in the study area including years of schooling of the household head, caste of the respondent, land holding size of the Bari land, cash crop vegetable farming, family member occupation in off farm sector, membership of the Conservation and Development Groups, and use of credit. The study showed that technology dissemination through multi-sectoral type community based local groups is a good option to enhance the adoption of improved soil conservation technology in the Middle Mountain farming systems in Nepal. Planners and policy makers should formulate appropriate policies and programs considering the farmers' interest, capacity, and limitation in promoting improved soil conservation technology for greater acceptance and adoption by the farmers.     

Evaluation of marine outfall with three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality modeling

Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alternation of natural water bodies and to help the design of the alternation to mitigate its impacts. In the past decade, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and reactive transport modeling has matured from a research subject to a practical analysis technology. This paper presents a practical study in which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model [hydrodynamic eutrophication model (HEM-3D)] was applied to determine the optimal location for treated wastewater discharged from marine outfall system in the Keelung harbor and the adjacent coastal sea. First, model validation was conducted with respect to surface elevation, current, and water quality variables measured in the Keelung harbor station and its coastal sea. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of the locations from marine outfall system. Based on model simulation results, a location at the northeast of Ho-Ping Island was recommended for adoption because the environmental impact is smaller than any other alternative.

固硫生物型煤

研究出生物型煤的生产工艺流程,对型煤和生物型煤的固硫技术进行了研究,成功试验生产出固硫性能优良的生物型煤,为中国煤能源可持续发展利用开辟了新途径。     

双碱法脱硫技术研究

脱硫过程主要是二氧经硫与氢氧化钠生发化学反应,反应生成物亚硫酸钠溶于水,含亚硫酸钠的脱硫循环水与投加的氢氧化钙反应可生成氢氧化钠和亚硫酸钙。通过沉淀分离可将难溶钙从循环水中清除,氢氧化钠易溶于水可循环使用,脱硫过程中消耗氢氧化钙。达到脱硫效率高,运行费用低的目的。     

气浮过滤法处理印染废水

高效气浮工艺是处理印染废水的有效方法,通过在溶气罐中使用高效填料、优化设计溶气释放器及使用双层快滤,可大大提高处理效果。     

Seaweed sex pheromones and their degradation products frequently suppress amphipod feeding but rarely suppress sea urchin feeding

Summary. A diverse group of brown seaweeds produce bouquets of C₁₁ metabolites, some of which act as pheromones that cue gamete release or attract sperm to eggs following release. We demonstrate that these C₁₁ metabolites and their degradation products also frequently and strongly deter feeding by the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana, but rarely by the herbivorous sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Across the range of concentrations tested, seven of twelve C₁₁ metabolites or mixtures that we tested deterred feeding by the amphipod, but only two of eleven deterred the sea urchin. For those compounds where we could rigorously contrast the magnitude of deterrence against the amphipod with the magnitude of deterrence against the urchin, the amphipod was deterred significantly more than the urchin by five of six metabolites. Thus, C₁₁ compounds were more frequently and more strongly deterrent to the amphipod than to the sea urchin. These findings for C₁₁ metabolites conflict with previous investigations, where other classes of seaweed chemical defenses have been shown to deter feeding by large mobile herbivores like urchins and fishes but to be relatively ineffective against mesograzers, especially the species of amphipod that we used here. Our results suggest that C₁₁ metabolites are unusual among the known seaweed chemical defenses in that they are especially effective against mesograzers, which often consume seaweed spores, zygotes, and juveniles. The high concentrations of C₁₁ metabolites in brown algal eggs could allow these defenses to be especially important in defending gametes, zygotes, or young sporelings from herbivorous mesograzers. Received 26 February 1998; accepted 9 April 1998.     

生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤是控制大气污染的经济有效技术,具有较好的发展前景。本文介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的研究,应用历史,现状,和生物过滤理论,分析了工艺的使用范围,设计及运行控制要点,列举了应用的范例。