旅游农业产品介绍期的营销策略探讨--以南京市为例

探讨我国旅游农业产品营销策略,对于缩小我国旅游农业发展水平与世界水平的差距,提高旅游农业产值和推动旅游农业日益走向成熟具有十分重要的意义.依据我国旅游农业发展的现状,并参照旅游产品生命周期理论认为,我国旅游农业产品总体上仍处于介绍期.分析了介绍期旅游农业产品的营销特点,并依据这些特点,探讨了南京市旅游农业产品的营销策略,以期为其它相似地区发展旅游农业产品提供参考.     

网络营销4P策略分析

从网络营销4P组合因素——产品(product)、价格(price)、渠道(place)及促销(promotion)的具体特点出发,比较了网络营销4P组合策略与传统营销组合策略的不同,并对网络营销4P组合策略进行了具体分析。     

Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission （IVE） model with on-road remote sensing measurements

Intemational Vehicle Emissions （IVE） model funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries. In this study, the IVE model was evaluated by utilizing a dataset available from the remote sensing measurements on a large number of vehicles at five different sites in Hangzhou, China, in 2004 and 2005. Average fuel-based emission factors derived from the remote sensing measurements were compared with corresponding emission factors derived from IVE calculations for urban, hot stabilized condition. The results show a good agreement between the two methods for gasoline passenger cars＇ HC emission for all 1VE subsectors and technology classes. In the case of CO emissions, the modeled results were reasonably good, although systematically underestimate the emissions by almost 12%-50% for different technology classes. However, the model totally overestimated NOx emissions. The IVE NOx emission factors were 1.5-3.5 times of the remote sensing measured ones. The IVE model was also evaluated for light duty gasoline truck, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and motor cycles. A notable result was observed that the decrease in emissions from technology class State II to State I were overestimated by the IVE model compared to remote sensing measurements for all the three pollutants. Finally, in order to improve emission estimation, the adjusted base emission factors from local studies are strongly recommended to be used in the IVE model.     

影响悬浮物测定结果的因素分析

通过对水中悬浮物的测定条件、取样量以及样品采集等方面的因素分析 ,找出了悬浮物监测结果产生误差的原因 ,提出了解决的方法和如何进行悬浮物测定的质量控制 ,进而提高监测数据的准确性和精密性