A Stream Network Model for Integrated Watershed Modeling

We describe a flexible, computationally efficient stream network model, which forms the core of a simulation framework that spatially integrates the contributions from point and nonpoint sources in a watershed. The model uses the map and stream topology information in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Reach File 3 to generate a spatially explicit network of stream reaches. Water and materials are routed through the stream network to the watershed outlet, and the routing process accounts for transit times and for possible nutrient losses in streams. This model can be applied wherever Reach File maps or maps from the newer National Hydrography Dataset are available, and it can be combined with models of other watershed processes to create a complete watershed simulation system. We present an application of the stream network model to two watersheds of different sizes in the Patuxent River watershed of Maryland, USA. Simulated predictions of streamflow and nitrate concentrations are either very good or good according to standards developed for evaluating the widely used Hydrologic Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF) watershed model.     

水生态监测技术路线选择与业务化运行关键问题研究

“十二五”期间,中国流域治理将由行政区管理向流域水生态管理转变、由水质达标管理向生态健康管理转变.在实施水生态功能分区的基础上,科学开展水生态监测和评价是实现流域水质目标的重要基础工作.对水生态监测技术路线选择与业务化运行关键问题进行研究,包括水生态表征及监测指标选择、水生态质量参照点的确定及评价分级标准的确定、水生态评价方法的确定以及水生态监测业务化运行体系构建.     

Vulnerability of community businesses to environmental disasters

Business plays important roles in community functioning. ² However, disaster research has been disproportionately focused on units of analysis such as families, households and government agencies. This paper synthesises the major findings within the business development research field and the disaster research field. It constructs a framework for evaluating business vulnerability to natural disasters. Our theoretical integration of the research conducted to date addresses five major issues. First, it defines the ways in which businesses are subject to the impacts of natural disasters. Second, it identifies the factors that determine the magnitude of business impacts after a disaster. Third, it identifies how and when businesses return to their pre-disaster level in the disaster stricken community. Fourth, it describes measures that can be taken by individual firms and community planners to reduce the impacts of environmental disasters. Fifth, it identifies needs for public policy and future research to reduce business vulnerability to environmental disasters.     

城市新区都市旅游开发实证研究——以宁波市鄞州新城为例

我国城市化日益加快,但众多城市新区在建设和发展过程中其旅游功能尚未完全发挥出来。城市新区在建设过程中会创造众多的旅游资源,如商贸街区、标志性建筑或景观、文化场馆、体育场馆等,它们对本地市民和外来游客均具有一定的观赏、游憩、商贸和文化价值。鄞州新城作为我国东南沿海城市新区建设的代表,具有发展都市旅游得天独厚的资源和区位条件。对其都市旅游的现状及存在问题进行了细致分析,提出打造都市RBD、引入低碳旅游、植入文化元素、增加购物比重等对策与措施。     

城市内区域土地集约利用综合评价探讨——以唐山市乐亭县为例

城市内区域土地集约利用评价能够反映各区域土地集约利用程度,为完善城市总体规划提供依据。以唐山市乐亭县为例,建立一套切实可行的城市内区域土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用多因素综合评价法进行评价。评价结果表明,新区高于旧区、中心区高于城市边缘区的集约特性,区域问土地集约利用程度差异巨大,城市土地利用的重点应放在已建成区土地的挖潜改造上,走内涵集约式发展道路,最大程度地提高城市土地利用效益。     

The impact of disasters on small business disaster planning: a case study

A major flood in 1997 forced the evacuation of Grand Forks, North Dakota and caused damage of USD 1 billion. Despite this recent disaster there is only marginal evidence of an increase in disaster recovery planning by businesses that experienced the flood. This finding is consistent with the results of other business-related disaster research. Statistical tests of survey results from 2003 indicate that there is a significantly higher rate of disaster recovery planning in businesses started since the 1997 flood than in businesses started before the flood and still in business. Such an outcome indicates a need for public policy actions emphasizing the importance of disaster planning. Improved disaster planning is an aid to business recovery and the results demonstrate the need for more widespread efforts to improve disaster recovery planning on the part of smaller businesses, even in areas that have recently experienced disasters.     

档案管理规范化与环保科技档案信息的开发利用

中国环境管理干部学院近年来根据国家有关法规,档案管理逐步规范化,并于1997年达到省部级先进档案馆的标准,环保科技档案信息的开发利用也取得一定的进展,在教学、教材建设、科研、科技成果评奖、科技人员管理中都发挥了较好的作用。     

基于顶层设计方法的生态环境大数据总体框架研究

生态环境大数据建设是一项长期性、系统性的工作,需要科学、合理的顶层设计从全局的角度出发,对任务的各方面、各层次、各要素统筹规划,集中有效资源,高效、快捷地实现既定目标。本文总结了开展总体框架设计面临的主要问题;论述了顶层设计的基本概念和特征、原则和设计方法,阐述了大数据顶层设计与信息化顶层设计的关系,提出了生态环境大数据业务架构的设计方法、总体框架,并探讨了总体框架落地的主要思路。     

LIMS在环境监测业务管理中的应用研究

简述了实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)在常州市环境监测中心业务管理中的应用,从项目流程、查询统计功能、考核管理等方面介绍了LIMS在环境监测业务管理中发挥的作用,以及运行过程中需要注意的环节。分析了目前LIMS存在的问题,现场记录的不完善、用户培训的不到位、静态数据的不完整性、功能的缺失等,提出LIMI系统功能需进一步的开发和完善,优化流程,加强系统的管理和维护,以此实现环境监测业务管理的规范化,使业务管理的水平提高。     

山东临沂大气夏季典型时段臭氧污染特征及其控制因素分析

2020年6月,在山东省临沂城区开展臭氧(O3)及其前体物观测实验,基于观测数据结合MCM光化学模式模拟,对6月中旬O3污染特例生成机理及控制机制进行了分析.结果 发现,尽管观测期间降水较多,一旦天气转晴,O3迅速积累并超标,1-h和8-h φ(O3)超标天数分别为10d(频率32％)和14 d(45％).O3日变化呈...