广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案替代方案优选

规划环评的目的不是减小规划对环境的影响,而是通过比较,选出规划对环境影响最小的替代方案。本文运用AHP-模糊数学法,结合广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案,从大气环境、水环境、废弃物、资源承载力、资源能源消耗和生态环境保护等六个方面,合理选取指标,建立了方案布局合理性指标体系,并用AHP-模糊数学法对四种替代方案进行了计算,得出方案一的结果为77．44,方案二的结果为78．62,方案三的结果为78．23,方案四的结果为82．13。方案四为“零作为”方案,计算结果为环境本底参照值。论文以方案四为参照,同时结合各方案的隶属度,选出了最佳替代方案。     

模拟酸雨条件下垃圾填埋的重金属地球化学迁移模型——以徐州为例

为研究酸雨沉降条件下垃圾中重金属迁移过程,以重金属浓度变化为基础,建立了生物反应器填埋场重金属浸出和淋出的地球化学迁移过程模型和地球化学迁移的数学预测模型。研究表明,重金属的浸出顺序为As、Ni、Cr、Co、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sn、Hg、Pb、Fe,淋出顺序为Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Cd、As、Fe、Zn、Hg、Pb、Sn;对生活垃圾重金属浸出所建立的数学模型大多为指数函数、幂函数、二次函数,对模拟酸雨条件下的生物反应器填埋场重金属的淋出建立的数学模型大多为二次函数、幂函数,数学模型的相关系数在0.9以上,模型拟合效果较为理想;通过引进重金属元素释放系数建立了生物反应器填埋场重金属淋出累积总量的模型,修正后的模型的计算结果和实测值的误差在千分之一以内,可用于预测填埋场内重金属溶出总量。     

红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度评定

文章对红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度来源进行了分析,构造出合理的数学模型,确定了各输入量之间的关系,量化各分量后,合成得到满意的结果。从而提出,根据被测量及其所依赖的输入量之间的关系构造数学模型,并综合运用不同的评定方法对各个分量进行量化,可实现对某些检测项目的不确定度评定。     

Review of hydrogen safety during storage,transmission, and applications processes

Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed.     

Green energy generation through PEHF – a blueprint of alternate energy harvesting

In this work, an attempt has been made to harvest green energy from piezoelectric material using fluid flow in a conduit. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting using Fluid Flow (PEHF) experimental model has been designed and the outputs obtained are compared with results obtained from simulations using ANSYS (computational fluid dynamics) and also with the mathematical modeling. The PEHF model has been utilized to analyze the effect of flow rate of water with reference to energy extracted. The full wave bridge rectifier and voltage doubler circuits have been used to obtain the direct current (DC) from the PEHF model. It is observed that the output obtained using experiments holds good in agreement with the results retrieved through simulations and mathematical results. The increase in flow rate of fluid leads to initially increase and then decrease in output of PEHF model as the maximum energy generated when flow rates (external force) matches with the frequency of excitation of the systems, i.e., at its resonance. The maximum energy output is generated at its resonance frequencies. It is observed that the full wave bridge rectifier circuit gives greater output as compared to a voltage doubler circuit.     

搅拌槽液相吸附过程的数学模拟研究——粒内表面扩散控制

分别利用Langmuir、Freundlich和Fritz－Schlunder三种等温吸附平衡关系,对粒内表面扩散控制时的搅拌槽液相吸附动力学过程进行数学模拟研究,同时指出日本《化学工学便览》第四版和第五版中关于求取粒内表面扩散系数部分内容所存在的问题。若按上述《便览》中的公式或图去求粒内有效表面扩散系数Ds,则其平均误差将可能达到340％左右,这是因为铃木基之和河添帮太朗等人在利用“单点拟合法”确定有效表面扩散系数Ds时,错误地将无因次吸附时间等于1.0视为吸附平衡时间所致。文中还对《便览》中存在的上述问题提出了相应的修正意见     

我国大气环境影响评价的进展

随着我国大气环境保护的重点从点源烟尘治理向区域环境污染综合防治发展,近20多年来,大气环境影响评价在评价范围、内容要求、工作程序、实验方法、输送扩散模型以及与总量控制、区域规划、风险评价等的关系方面都有长足的进步.在已完成的2000多项大气环境影响评价成果的基础上,本文作了全面的回顾,总结了各阶段的特点及开展的主要工作,提出了6项今后应着重解决的问题和近期内可能取得的进展.     

居住区气温变化模型及应用

借助居住区热时间常数和地表热时间常数计算城市局地气温变化,给出的数学模型简单实用,但考虑了多项城市相关参数。结果表明实测值与预测值吻合较好。对部分城市参数作了敏感性分析,初步揭示了各参数变化对城市居住区气温的影响。     

流域计算机集成模型系统及其在水库流域水质规划中的应用

随着社会的发展,流域中出现了新的问题和特征,流域规划和管理越来越复杂,传统的方法和工具已不能充分满足流域规划和管理的需要．因此本文以开放复杂巨系统研究方法论为指导,提出了流域计算机集成模型系统的概念,探讨了其构成和结构．指出该系统应是专家系统、地理信息系统、遥感、全球定位系统、数据库技术、数学模拟和优化等多技术综合集成的系统．最后对其在水库流域水质规划中的应用进行了初步的探讨．     

Testing the importance of accurate meteorological input fields and parameterizations in atmospheric transport modelling using dream - validation against ETEX-1

A tracer model, the DREAM, which is based on a combination of a near-range Lagrangian model and a long-range Eulerian model, has been developed. The meteorological meso-scale model, MM5V1, is implemented as a meteorological driver for the tracer model. The model system is used for studying transport and dispersion of air pollutants caused by a single but strong source as, e.g. an accidental release from a nuclear power plant. The model system including the coupling of the Lagrangian model with the Eulerian model are described. Various simple and comprehensive parameterizations of the mixing height, the vertical dispersion, and different meterological input data have been implemented in the combined tracer model, and the model results have been validated against measurements from the ETEX-1 release. Several different statistical parameters have been used to estimate the differences between the parameterizations and meterological input data in order to find the best performing solution.