加强预算管理提升企业竞争能力

预算管理是集团实现其盈利和其他战略目标的组织手段。预算管理在管理流程中处于中间环节,对组织结构起到完善和健全的作用。预算管理的有序、有效实施,才会得到各个管理层级的高度重视和执行。预算管理具有全员性、数量化、与经营管理相适应的特征,可以起到管理协调和资源配置的作用,形成良好的约束机制,对企业未来经济活动做出详尽规划。     

从新《大气污染防治法》浅析限期治理的性质及其意义

限期治理在环境保护中有着重要的地位,但作为一种行政管理手段,已经与形式不合。本文指出在新《大气污染了防治法》中,限期治理的性质已经改变,成为法律责任的形式,并提出了相关立法建议。     

试论生态环境补偿机制

为了保护我国的生态环境,需要尽快建立和完善生态环境补偿机制。对建立生态环境补偿机制的必要性、理论基础、生态环境补偿机制的类型以及我国近期应该建立的生态环境补偿机制进行了较为深入的分析。     

分段重铬酸钾法测定高氯离子废水COD方法研究

通过对高盐废水COD测定时氯离子干扰与氧化剂浓度的关系研究发现:氧化剂浓度对氯离子干扰程度有较大的影响。根据研究结果,提出了用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想,并对此设想进行了验证。验证结果表明:用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想是完全可行的;而且方法的准确度较好,相对误差<9%,实际废水加有机物的回收率>92%。     

循环经济与煤矿产业生态系统稳定性的实现途径

循环经济是人类克服环境污染、盗源短缺的困境．追求可持续发展的思想产物。循环经济倡导资源、经济、环境、社会和谐的可持续发展模式。循环经济模式下，煤矿区产业生态系统的稳定性直接关系到矿区循环经济系统运行的效率。为实现煤矿区产业生态系统的可持续发展．文中首先从交易性因素和非交易性因素两个维度对影响矿区产业生态系统稳定性的因素进行了分析；在此基础上．引入合作博弈法对其稳定性进行了判定；最后。结合在济三煤矿的实际分析与研究。给出了促进煤矿区产业生态系统稳定性的几点对策。这对于煤矿区改变经济增长方式。发展循环经济，探索新型工业化道路有一定的指导意义。     

The effect of motorcyclists’ age on injury severities in single-motorcycle crashes with unobserved heterogeneity

Introduction: Due to the myriad of unique characteristics associated with motorcycle operation, motorcycle safety is a public health concern as complex as it is serious. National crash data suggest motorcyclists are 28 times more likely to be killed when compared to passenger car occupants. In the state of Florida, motorcycle crashes are 1.5 times more likely to result in the death of the rider, placing Florida among the top deadliest states for motorcyclists in the nation. Using police-reported data from 2016, this study addresses the complex and interconnected nature of the many characteristics associated with motorcycle operation by investigating the effect of age on motorcyclists’ riding behavior as it relates to injury severity for single-motorcycle crashes in the state of Florida. Method: To account for unobserved heterogeneity in the crash data, mixed logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances were estimated to model three injury severity outcomes (non-visible, severe, and fatal) for three age groups (under 30, 30–49, and 50 and above). Results: Model results indicate that age affects motorcyclists’ safety perception and ability to assess risks, thereby influencing their involvement in risky behaviors. Characteristics unique to motorcycle operation—spatial characteristics, speed, motorcycle type, time of day, helmet usage, alcohol consumption, ejection from motorcycle, passenger presence, endorsement status, and lighting—are further complicated by their dependency on the characteristics of the individual motorcyclist. Age of motorcyclist indicates a relationship between motorcyclists’ behavior and perceived safety. Conclusion: The model results indicated that statistically significant parameters constituted different models and they were not equal across the age groups of motorcyclists: aged under 30, aged 30–49, and aged 50 and above. Through advanced econometric modeling, this study fills a gap in the existing literature and assists the safety professionals, motorcycle trainers, policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and roadway designers in developing countermeasures.     

Effects of hydrodynamics processes on phosphorus fluxes from sediment in large, shallow Taihu Lake

The turnover of phosphorus （P） in lake sediments, a major cause of eutrophication and subsequent deterioration of water quality, is in need of deep understanding. In this study, effects of resuspension on P release were studied in cylindrical microcosms with Yshape apparatus. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between flux of suspended substance across sediment-water interface （Fss） and the wind speed, and an increasing Fss during each wind process followed by a steady state. The maximal Fss under fight, moderate, and strong wind conditions were 299.9±41.1,573.4±61.7, and 2093.8±215.7 g/m^2, respectively. However, flux of P across sediment-water interface （Fp） did not follow a similar pattern as Fss responding to wind intensity, which increased and reached the maximum in initial 120 rain for fight wind, then decreased gradually, with maximal flux of 9.4±1.9 mg/m^2. A rapid increase of Fp at the first 30 rain was observed under moderate wind, with maximal flux of 11.2±0.6 mg/m^2. Surprisingly, strong wind caused less Fp than under light and moderate wind conditions with maximal flux of 3.5±0.9 mg/m^2. Fss in water column declined obviously during the sedimentation process after winds, but Fp varied with wind regime. No obvious difference was detected on Fp after 8 h sedimentation process, compared with the initial value, which means little redundant P left in the water column after winds.