船厂二级生化处理出水中水回用工艺及效益分析

采用混凝沉淀一过滤工艺深度处理船厂二级生化处理出水,运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质符合城市杂用水和景观娱乐用水水质标准,除总氮外,其他各指标均符合地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ类标准,其中BOD5、矿物油达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅰ类标准,溶解氧、COD、氨氮达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准。     

云南省工业能源节约状况评价分析

运用中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组提出的“节约指数”,对云南省的能源状况进行了区域对比和行业对比研究,结果表明：云南省属于能源节约利用程度较低的省份;绝大多数州市的能源绩效低于全省平均水平,而且呈不断下降趋势;在各个行业中,采矿业和制造业的节约程度最低;目前的科技投入对区域产值单耗、节约指数没有表现出明显的改善作用。     

基于IPAT模型的江苏省能源消费与碳排放情景研究

利用环境负荷模型与"脱钩"理论,对江苏未来中长期的经济发展、能源需求与CO2排放进行了情景分析,并结合当前的环境政策,对三种情景下主要指标的参数和结果进行了设计与分析。研究表明,资源节约型与环境友好型社会的构建,低碳情景是江苏能源-经济-社会的协调发展最合适、也是最现实的方案;通过不同情景的比较,认为低碳情景的实现一定程度上是以减缓经济增长来实现节能减排目标的;低碳情景下能源需求与CO2排放也将明显快速增加,与2007年相比,2030年能源需求总量将增加1.431倍,碳排放总量将达到15 655×104t,未来20 a能源资源的有效供应与合理利用成为制约低碳经济发展的瓶颈因素。最后给出了实现节能减排、促进低碳经济发展的相关建议。     

低碳经济的消费行为研究述评与政策启示

文章认为目前我国低碳经济推进过程中缺乏对作为市场主体的消费者的可持续消费行为关键动因和决策机制的细致探索。本文在对国际上可持续消费行为影响因素模型研究成果进行评述的基础上,提出了以上研究对于支撑我国低碳经济发展的可持续消费的政策启示。     

低能耗污水处理技术的应用

以蚌埠市第三污水处理厂为例,详细介绍工程中所应用的一体化技术、低溶氧技术、同时硝化/反硝化技术、微孔软管曝气技术、新型推流技术等低能耗污水处理技术,并从反应机理、处理效果、节能效果等方面加以分析和比较,为相关技术人员选择污水处理工艺提供了新的思路。     

吉林省能源消费与“三废”排放量的灰色关联分析

目前,能源与环境问题倍受关注,运用灰色关联分析法,及吉林省近几年能耗统计数据和三废排放量的统计数据进行定量分析,研究各种能源消费与三废排放量的内在灰色关联,说明各种能源消费对环境质量的影响程度。研究表明：煤炭消费量与三废排放量的关联度最大,石油消费量次之,天然气和风电水电属清洁能源,其与三废排放量的关联度最小。     

Role of post-dispersal seed and seedling predation in establishment of dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) plants

Dandelion Taraxacum agg. (formerly Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) is a common weed species associated with pastures, grasslands and no-tillage cropping systems throughout its native range in Europe, and more recently introduced into North America, Australasia and elsewhere. Following wind-dispersal from the parent plant, its seeds are subject to predation from a host of invertebrate predators. Similarly, seedling predation may also significantly limit dandelion recruitment. Although such post-dispersal mortality is central to our understanding of dandelion population dynamics and therefore weed control, the precise spatio-temporal role played by different putative seed and seedling predators is poorly understood. Here we studied how seed viability, and seed and seedling predation influenced dandelion recruitment at two contrasting sites in central Europe. The abundance in the field and seed and seedling consumption in the laboratory were determined for the main groups of predators—ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabiade), terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) and molluscs (Gastopoda: Pulmonata). At particular sites, seed viability and seedling predation were negatively correlated while the percentage of seeds that succumbed to seed predation was similar. Combined factors accounted for the death of 98% and 87% of exposed seeds. Ground beetles (particularly Amara spp.) and terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare) were efficient and dominant seed predators, while slugs (Arion lusitanicus) and isopods were important predators of seedlings. While there was no seasonal trend in the intensity of seed predation it decreased towards autumn in parallel with the feeding activity of the declining population of A. lusitanicus. The mortality factors thus varied in their importance, largely between sites and less with the course of the season. Although seed inviability, seed and seedling predation did not stop the recruitment of dandelion seedlings they are crucial factors limiting dandelion populations. Methods of increasing the efficiency of predation of seed as a means of managing weeds are worthy of further study, particularly in areas where dandelion is an invasive species.     

不同粒径易自燃煤常温氧化实验研究*

为探究易自燃煤在常温条件下的氧化特性,自行设计煤常温封闭氧化实验装置,采用实验研究与回归分析2种方法,分析易自燃煤发生氧化反应的气体变化过程,探究3种粒径煤样在20 ℃有限空间内的耗氧与产气特征。结果表明:易自燃煤样在16 d常温封闭氧化过程中,容器内O2体积浓度呈指数衰减、CO和CO2体积浓度呈指数增长的变化规律;在0.06~0.83 mm范围内,粒径越大,易自燃煤耗氧速率越大,CO和CO2产生速率则先增大后减小;介于中间的粒径为0.13~0.25 mm易自燃煤氧化反应最强烈,更容易发生氧化。研究结果对揭示生产环境温度下煤粒粒径对煤自燃的影响有一定的意义。     

厦门市能源消费对环境及公共健康影响研究

由能源消费排放的多种大气污染物对环境和公共健康的影响越来越严重.以厦门市为研究案例,应用LEAP模型、剂量效应（Doseeffective）和暴露-响应（Exposure-response）原理构建能源-环境-公共健康模型,计算厦门市不同情景下主要大气污染物PM10和SO2排放量和由这两种污染物引发的公共健康经济损失,...     

Improving the environmental performance of machine-tools: influence of technology and throughput on the electrical energy consumption of a press-brake

Machine-tools have been identified as one of the main energy-using products to be analyzed in an Ecodesign perspective, targeting the reduction of their environmental impact. Following this, machine-tool manufacturers are committed to anticipate eminent regulations and are looking for guidelines to improve their products on an effective and low-cost manner. This paper describes part of the energy consumption study followed in the frame of the Ecodesign of a commercial press-brake. All-hydraulic and all-electric commercially available systems, of different capacities and working in real production scenarios, have been included. From this study, a preliminary version of an LCI dataset for the bending process is proposed, structured in technology, machine capacity and usage mode categories, and using the bending cycle as the reference unit. The energy consumption per category was estimated based on a specific process energy model built as a function of the referred parameters. The contribution of the respective machine-tool structure to the environmental impact of the machining process is to be included, targeting the completion of such machining unit process dataset. The full LCA of an all-hydraulic system revealed the significant contribution of the machine-tool structure to the global life-cycle environmental impact of the machine (about 40%), while electricity during use phase contributes with about 46% to the total impact. This contradicts the general results published for other metal and non-metal forming processes, and is understood to be related with the discrete loading character of such forming processes here discussed.