浙西南野生观赏蕨类植物资源及其开发利用

浙西南丽水山地蕨类植物资源十分丰富，其中具有较高观赏价值的就有29科，56属，94种，它们可应用于园林绿化、盆景配置、切花配叶、盆栽观赏等方面。浙西南山地观赏蕨类植物资源的开发利用前景十分光明。     

辽河流域畜禽养殖污染源仿真研究

随着国家对流域水质改善要求的逐渐提高,流域污染源管理变得日益重要。提出了一种基于CPNTOOLS的辽河流域畜禽养殖行业污染源仿真技术,并采用CPNTOOLS软件对辽河流域内一家典型畜禽养殖基地进行了仿真研究,经过多次仿真与数据统计分析,分别得出了该畜禽养殖基地的CODCr,BOD5,NH3-N,TP,TN日排放量的正态分布均值在90%,95%,99%置信水平下的置信区间,并结合排水量分别计算出各污染物指标排放浓度的区间。结合BAT处理技术对污染物浓度削减进行了计算仿真,并得出了处理后CODCr,BOD5,NH3-N,TP,TN排放浓度的正态分布均值在90%,95%,99%置信水平下的置信区间以及排放浓度的极大值和极小值。     

畜禽养殖中沙门氏菌污染的PCR快速检测

针对畜禽养殖是造成农村水环境生物性污染的主要原因,指出用常规生化检测技术耗时长、效率低,不能满足环境管理的要求：应用PCR技术检测沙门氏菌,特异性高、敏感性强、耗时短,与常规分离鉴定方法比较,完全符合实验证明,PCR技术可很好的应用于沙门氏菌污染的调查与监测。     

新时期医疗废物处置技术体系的变革及发展

近20年来,我国在推进医疗废物无害化管理和处理处置方面开展了大量的工作,成绩举世瞩目。但处于新的历史时期,如何更好地基于可行技术,探索与其相匹配的管理模式,解决医疗废物处理处置短板已成为迫在眉睫的工作。我国目前存在针对医疗废物处理处置技术适用性考虑不足、农村及偏远地区医疗废物处置能力缺乏、医疗废物应急处置能力存在短板以及医疗废物领域科技创新能力有待提升等问题。因此,结合各种医疗处置技术特点及适用性,提出基于技术的适用性推进医疗废物处理处置技术布局优化、通过管理和技术进步解决农村和边远地区医疗废物处置难题、合理配置疫情期间应急处置能力以及推进科技创新等建议,为打造新时期医疗废物处理处置技术体系提供参考。     

基于Bishop条分法的多点多向地震动作用下边坡稳定性分析

以人工合成的多点、多向地震加速度时程作为地震动输入,基于Bishop条分法推导了地震边坡稳定安全系数的表达公式。在此基础上,针对某一具体算例,分析了不同地震峰值加速度下的不同坡高边坡稳定安全系数的变化规律,并与单点、单向地震动输入的结果进行了对比。结果表明,对于本文给出的算例,在坡高与地震峰值加速度都相同的条件下,多点、多向地震作用下的边坡安全系数要大于单点、单向作用下的安全系数;当坡高小于30 m、地震峰值加速度小于0.1 g时,多点、多向地震动作用下的边坡安全系数与单点、单向相差不大;当坡高大于30 m、地震峰值加速度大于0.1 g时,多点、多向地震动作用下的边坡安全系数相对单点、单向要小36%以上,此时边坡稳定性评价必须考虑地震动的多点、多向特性。     

Ergonomics and Quality Management—Humans in Interaction With Technology,Work Environment,and Organization

Abstract

In many studies, ergonomics has been shown to influence human performance. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate imp ortan t ergonomics influences on quality in industrial production, from the perspective of interactions between humans, technology, organization, and work environment. A second aim was to elab orate on the implications of these findings for the development of quality management strategies. This paper shows that ergonomics problems in terms of adverse work environmental conditions, in appropriate design of technology, and an unsuitable org an izatio n are important causes of quality deficiencies. Problem solving aimed at improving ergonomics, quality, and productivity simultaneously is likely to obtain sup po rt from most of the interest parties of the company, and may also enhance participation. Ergonomics has the potential of becoming a driving force for the development of new quality management strategies.     

Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 2. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Factors

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men’s push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women’s push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men’s and women’s pull strength between the horizontal angle (θ) sagittal through the active shoulder (90°) and other angles (0, 45, and 135°). However, for men’s push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45° from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women’s push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0° and angles of 90 and 135°. For men’s and women’s pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (?), 90°, and other angles (–20, 0, and 45°). Similar increases were found for women’s push strength between the 45° angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.     

Occupational Accidents of Finnish-and Swedish-Speaking Workers in Finland: A Mental Model View

This article is based on 2 studies. The aim of the first study was to examine the differences in occupational accident frequency between the 2 main language groups in Finland. Based on 3 independent statistical data sets, it was shown that Swedish-speaking workers had about 40% fewer occupational accidents than Finnish-speaking workers. The aim of the second study was to confirm the difference at company level. A field study in the province of Vaasa with 14 small and medium-sized manufacturing companies revealed that the accident frequency of Swedish-speaking workers was 21% lower than that of Finnish-speaking workers.     

Validation of Methods for Determination of Metabolic Rate in the Edholm Scale and ISO 8996

The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (M_Meas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO₂ (19 participants) according to Standard No. ISO 8996 (ISO, 1990). Additionally, the participants estimated perceived exertion using the Borg scale. The metabolic rates derived from the Edholm scale (M_Edh) overestimated 5 of 6 activities by 34-50% (α = .05). The metabolic rates derived from ISO 8996 (M_ISO) overestimated all activities by 7-38% (α =.05).     

Ergonomic Program Effectiveness: Ergonomic and Medical Intervention

The implementation of a successful ergonomic and medical intervention program designed to reduce the number and severity of injuries and illnesses and the associated levels of discomfort in the workplace is presented. Because of the recent activity concerning the on-again-off-again Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Ergonomic Program Standard questions have been raised as to the value and effectiveness of an organization’s ergonomics program. In light of these concerns, the immense cost associated with work-related injury and illness, and the related pain and suffering associated with such injuries and illnesses, it is important to present a workable and effective ergonomic and medical intervention program. The results of this applied study demonstrate that through the application of an ergonomic and medical intervention program, workplace-related injuries and illnesses can be reduced or eliminated.