Bronchial contamination with toxic metals in mineral-based industrial areas of India

Selected toxic metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni and Mn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 55 samples of bronchial washouts obtained from patients with respiratory ailments. These subjects either worked or lived in industrial locations which have mineral-based industries such as steel plants, thermal power plants, cement plants, limestone mines and iron ore mines. Half of the samples analysed were from the plant workers and the other half from the non-workers living in the respective industrial areas. Samples from subjects living outside the industrial areas were also collected and analysed. The highest occurrence of toxic metals was found in the subjects living in the steel plant area. The occurrence was of the order: steel plant > thermal power plant > cement plant > iron ore mines > limestone mines > non industrial areas. Plant workers showed a higher presence of metals in their respiratory tracts compared to the non-workers in each industrial area. Higher depositions were noticed in areas of coal-fired industries compared to non-coal-fired industries. Zn, Cu and Pb were more likely to reach the respiratory tracts. The occurrences were found to increase with the age of the subjects. A slightly higher susceptibility to bronchial contamination was noticed in females.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Copper tolerance in a population of Silene vulgaris ssp. maritima (A. & D. Love) at Dolfrwynog Bog near Dolgellau,North Wales

Clones of Silene vulgaris ssp. maritima individuals from Dolfrwynog Bog, North Wales and from a coastal control site were propagated under standardised environmental conditions. After five months, cuttings were taken and tested for copper tolerance by means of root extension analysis in solutions of various different copper concentrations. Indices of tolerance suggested that individuals from the Dolfrwynog population were more resistant to elevated copper concentrations than were the control population individuals. Due to the initial five months under standardised conditions, it was assumed that the cloned plant material would have lost all plastic adaptive responses to its native environment. If this assumption was valid then the differences in copper tolerance observed between the two populations had a genetic basis and the Dolfrwynog Bog population is a copper tolerant ecotype.     

表面活性剂对黄土中石油污染物的解吸影响研究

研究了用表面活性剂去除黄土中柴油类污染物。选用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠 (LAS和SDS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)对污染的土壤进行解吸实验 ,表明阴离子表面活性剂浓度从 0 .1%增加到 1.0 %时 ,其柴油的去除率可达 2 0 % ,而阳离子表面活性剂去除作用不甚明显。利用摩尔增溶比MSR值求得LAS和SDS的logKm 值为 4.5 5 2和 3 .63 0 ,这和理论的计算值很接近     

电厂燃煤过程中汞的迁移转化及控制技术研究

讨论了近年来国内外电厂煤燃烧过程中汞的形态分布以及迁移转化规律研究的最新成果 ,并在此基础上评价了现有电站污染控制系统的脱汞性能 ,考虑到汞的排放控制 ,提出了对现有设备的可能优化措施。在分析中 ,注意到汞的易挥发性 ,认为汞排放控制应该充分考虑烟气中汞形态的迁移转化。由于氧化态汞在汞控制中有着重要作用 ,其研究将是控制电厂汞排放的关键。先进的汞排放控制技术的开发应以增强汞的氧化态为优先发展方向。     

铅污染对小麦生态型的影响

铅污染对小麦生态型的影响马建明王焕校（云南大学生物系，昆明６５００９１）何玉芹（云南省环境监测站）关键词铅污染，小麦生态型，影响．１前言重金属对植物的影响，中外学者做过许多深入研究，有的已深入到分子水平，但大多是在人为模拟的急性污染条件下进行的［１，...     

Regional pattern of mercury wet deposition in Beijing

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｆｒｏｍｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｓｏｕｒｃｅｔｏｌａｋｅｓｉｓａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ(Ｓｏｒｅｎｓｅｎ ,1990 ;Ｇｌａｓｓ,1990 ) ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｓｓｉｌｆｕｅｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅａｎｄｓｌｕｄｇｅ(Ｇｌａｓｓ,1991;Ｗｈｉｔｅ ,1992 ;Ｃ…     

包头市四道沙河流域稀土行业废水对水环境影响分析

本文概括介绍了四道沙河流域稀土行业生产及污染物排放情况 ,着重分析了稀土行业生产废水对四道沙河流域及其地下水乃至黄河水质的影响 ,并为控制该流域水环境污染提出了防治对策     

黄浦江底泥和生物膜对汞的吸附及形态分析

为探讨影响沉积物和生物膜对汞的吸附量及吸附形态的各种因素,采集了黄浦江底泥和生物膜样品,进行汞的吸附实验.发现pH值和Na+浓度是影响吸附的重要因素:pH=6时,汞的吸附量达到最大;在低的离子浓度范围内,吸附量随着离子浓度的增加而增加,当Na+浓度达到一定值时,吸附量反而降低。通过对吸附数据的拟和发现,Freundlich方程更适于描述汞在底泥中的吸附过程,而Langmuir方程更适于描述汞在生物膜中的吸附过程。外加汞源后,生物膜所转化的气态汞和有机质结合态汞含量较高,而底泥中的有机质结合态的汞含量则较高。     

不同重金属在烤烟中的累积分配特征研究

研究了重金属Hg、As、Pb在烤烟中的累积分布。结果表明：烤烟对Hg、As、Pb的耐受力较强；Hg抑制K326根系的生长，Pb、As对K326的生长有一定的促进作用。随着重金属浓度的增加，各部位重金属含量和烟株累积总量多呈增加趋势。在不同的处理下，3种重金属的含量在根系中最高；在相同的处理下，重金属在烟叶各部位的含量按大小顺序均为下部叶〉中部叶〉上部叶。随着处理浓度的增加，分配在根系中的重金属元素的比例不断增加，而在叶片中的分配比例不断降低；按重金属元素在叶片中的分配比例排序为Hg〉As〉Pb。     

Introductory remarks on mercury pollution in China

Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｒｉｃｈｉｎｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ｒａｎｋｉｎｇｔｈｉｒｄｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .ＭｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｓａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔａｎｄＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａｌｉｋｅＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ ,ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｅｎａｎａｎｄＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｗｈｅｒｅ 75%ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｏｆａｌｌＣｈｉｎａｅｘｉｓｔｓ.Ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ 60’ｓａ…