贵阳市城区大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)的污染特征与季节变化规律

于2013年6月至2014年5月在贵阳市城区设置采样点,利用国产武汉天虹智能采样器连续一年采集大气颗粒物(PM2.5)样品共357个,采用HOBO U30气象仪同步记录气象数据。气象数据分析表明贵阳市春、秋和冬季均为东北风,夏季多南风且风速较大,全年以东北风为主。结合气象数据分析了贵阳市市区PM2.5污染特征并初步讨论其来源。结果表明:PM2.5日浓度范围为4~193μg/m3,平均值为70±33μg/m3,日超标率为46%。以季节来看,夏季PM2.5浓度最低,冬季最高,秋、春季次之。PM2.5主要来源于工业排放与燃煤污染。与国内其它城市研究相比,处于轻度污染水平。     

2012年-2013年常州市PM2.5空气污染气象条件及天气形势特征分析研究

利用2012年-2013年常州市大气监测资料、2009年-2013年NECP再分析气象资料和日降水资料,对近两年常州市空气污染特征及其与气象条件的关系进行分析.结果表明2013年常州市污染事件相比2012年具有发生频率高、持续时间长和程度重等特点.造成污染天气异常偏多的气象条件是有效降水日异常减少,反映区域混合型PM2.5污染的地面系统不利扩散特征在2013年表现突出,污染高发期地面均压场范围扩大,对流层整层有异常抑制上升作用.典型PM2.5污染个例分析表明重污染天气尺度形势特征主要体现在高压型和冷空气外部输送型,其次为低压和均压场型.     

西南技术工程研究所, 重庆 400039

目的建立敦煌地区温度、相对湿度和日温差的年极值拟合模型。方法根据当地气象站台温度和相对湿度日记时值数据,连续统计若干年的三要素年极值,采用极大似然法建立各要素年极值的Gumbel模型,同时讨论值域有界类气象因素极值再现期的定义域。结果给出了敦煌地区温度、相对湿度和日温差年极值的Gumbel模型参数。结论敦煌地区各气象因素Gumbel模型位置参数和尺度参数,温度极大值分别为35.193,1.072℃,温度极小值分别为-20.085,1.945℃,相对湿度极大值为95.254%,2.471%,相对湿度极小值为5.837%,1.505%,日温差极大值为20.676,0.777℃,日温差极小值为1.398,0.593℃;相对湿度极大值、相对湿度极小值和日温差极小值的再现期定义域分别为6.3,47和10年。     

The derivation of radionuclide transfer parameters for and dose-rates to an adult ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in an Arctic environment

Radionuclide transfer parameters and dose-rates for an adult ringed seal from Svalbard have been determined based on empirical and estimated tissue activity concentrations and detailed dietary and habitat information. Whole-body equivalent concentration factors determined for anthropogenic radionuclides ranged from 10(1) ((90)Sr) to 10(2) ((137)Cs, (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu), while natural radionuclides ranged from 10(2) ((210)Pb) to 10(4) ((210)Po). Employing a dietary composition of 40% fish, 40% zooplankton and 20% benthic invertebrates, a whole-body biological half-life of 29 days was derived for (137)Cs. A total dose-rate of approximately 0.19microGyh(-1) (1.7mGya(-1)) was derived for an adult ringed seal; this dose-rate is virtually entirely attributable to the internal components of (210)Po and (40)K. The dose-rates associated with the presence of anthropogenically derived radionuclides in the present assessment fall many orders of magnitude below the dose-rates at which any biological effects would be expected.     

DECISION PARAMETERS FOR COMBINED USE OF EFFLUENT DISCHARGES,SURFACE FLOWS,AND GROUND WATER1

ABSTRACT: Decision parameters affecting combined use of effluent discharges and surface flows and ground water available at Gillespie Dam on the Gila River in Arizona are identified and analyzed. Hydrologic, economic, legal, and institutional parameters are considered separately and in combination. The interrelationships of irrigation subsystems, water use functions, institutional involvement, economic and legal constraints are illustrated. Recent hydrologic studies indicate that the natural flow of the Gila River will increase with the discharge of Phoenix sewage effluent and then there will be a drastic decline when the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station commences in 1985. Competition for any increases in effluent discharges and surface flows could be ameliorated through the combined efforts of existing or reorganized entities resulting in sharing of costs and benefits. The analysis leads to recommendations concerning joint use of facilities, proration of fixed and variable costs, and creation of a mutual water company.     

优质春播小麦99-5产量与气象影响因子回归分析

利用春播优质小麦99-5分期播种产量资料与同期气象资料进行回归分析,结果表明,小麦产量的高低与播种-抽穗期的积温、抽穗-开花期的日照和开花-成熟期的相对湿度呈显著相关.     

Respirometric Monitoring for the Determination of Effective Height and Reaction Rate Constant in Up-Flow Autotrophic Denitrification Reactor Packed with Sulfur

A novel technology for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, autotrophic denitrification process with sulfur particle, has been developed. A respirometer was employed for the monitoring of nitrogen gas produced in the reactor. It was found that the autotrophic denitrification studied by gas production rate and nitrate depletion rate followed a first order reaction from the relationship. The reaction rate constant based on effective volume, k_N was ranged from 2.67 to 3.07 h^–1. The effective height was around 23.8 and 50% of the total height for 11.8 and 5.9 h of packed bed contact time, respectively. It was assumed that the reaction rate constants were similar in each experimental condition, PBCT = 11.9 and 5.9 h because there was little gradient of biomass concentration within 50% of the total height. The respirometry was found to be a simple and fast way to monitor the denitrification process. The method was especially useful for the determination of kinetic parameters.     

Long-term phytoplankton trends and related water quality trends in the lower Chesapeake Bay,Virginia, USA

Long-term trends (i.e., 1985 through 1999; 14 1/2 yrs) of the phytoplankton community in Chesapeake Bay indicated patterns of increasing phytoplankton abundance and biomass associated with mainly diatoms and chlorophytes, and to a lesser degree dinoflagellates. Decreasing trends in productivity rates above the pycnocline were present over a shorter time period (10 1/2 yrs.), with evidence for increasing nitrogen limitation is indicated. Reduced light availability is inferred due to decreasing trends of Secchi depths and increased suspended solids trends, which were associated with decreasing trends in productivity rates.     

济南市局地环流数值预报试验研究

利用多尺度气象耦合模式对济南市城市热岛和山谷风局地环流进行了数值预报试验,其预报和实测日均风速比值总体平均为1.18±0.39,风向差值总体平均为45±30°,温度差值总体平均为0.32±0.25(°C)。     

个旧市环境空气中铅污染浓度的影响因素和变化规律

叙述了个旧市环境空气中影响铅污染浓度的气象因素,铅污染度的变化规律,为治理铅污染提供一些科学依据.