哈尔滨市臭氧时空分布特征及气象要素的关系

利用2015~2018年哈尔滨市臭氧（O₃）监测数据，与其他典型城市进行对比，详细分析了哈尔滨市O₃的时间和空间分布特征，及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明：哈尔滨市2015~2018年O₃污染程度比北上广及长春，沈阳，大连等城市轻；哈尔滨市O₃污染具有明显的季节特征，春夏季O₃超标率大于秋冬季；月变化趋势呈现倒“U”型，O₃高值集中在5~7月；日变化为单峰分布，在13：00~15：00时浓度维持在全天高值； O₃浓度表现为“周末效应”，工作日O₃浓度略高于周末；空间分布特征表明：哈尔滨市外围郊区O₃浓度普遍高于内围市区；在O₃污染高发的5~7月，太阳辐射强度在800~1200W/m²、气温越高、风速越大和相对湿度越小，O₃超标率越高。     

飞机草处理含铅废水的应用研究

用飞机草吸附废水中的铅离子，研究中探讨了影响吸附的主要参数，包括飞机草投加量、初始浓度、震荡时间、pH和温度。结果显示：用飞机草来吸附废水中的重金属离子，可以有效去除里面的铅离子，然后富集，重新得到金属达到废物利用、变废为宝的目的。     

江苏灌河口海域现代沉积特征研究

本文对2003年7月所采集的灌河口外179个沉积物样品(其中岸滩为61个,近岸浅海为118个),应用激光粒度仪进行了粒度分析,获得了粒径分布数据和矩法参数,据此将该海域沉积物划分为5种类型,其中主要为粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂;沉积物在河口附近的分布大体以灌河口主航道为中心,具有对称性特征;沙嘴附近的沉积物组成较为复杂,来源较多,表明其形成是波浪、潮流、沿岸流以及径流综合作用的结果。     

30CrMnSiA钢薄壁筒错距旋压成形工艺研究

通过对30CrMnSiA钢筒体错距旋压试验,系统研究了毛坯厚度、减薄率、旋轮压下量分配、旋压道次及道次间热处理等工艺参数对旋压过程和产品质量的影响。结果表明:较厚的30CrMnSiA钢毛坯,不用道次间热处理,通过两道次或三道次错距旋压,就可获得高质量的薄壁筒。     

大同市大气颗粒物中苯并(a)芘污染与气象条件的相关性初探

文章通过大同市云冈宾馆2002年1月和8月的大气颗粒物中苯并(a)芘的浓度及同期的气象观测资料,对温度、风速、湿度等气象要素对大气颗粒物中苯并(a)芘的影响进行了研究,初步分析了它们的相关关系,此工作对城市大气颗粒物中的苯并(a)芘污染的控制和预测具有重要意义.     

Effect of cadmium on growth, ultramorphology of leaf and secondary metabolites of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn

The pollution is increasing in the environment by different kinds of human activities, which results in the accumulation of heavy metals including cadmium in the soil and water and it causes different types of problems to living beings. As the plants are utilized by human being as food and medicine, therefore, it is mandatory to see the effect of metals on plants. In this context, efforts have been made to observe the effect of different concentration of Cadmium (Cd) on Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn., because Cd is the widespread metal and the plants response to low and high level of exposure is a complex phenomenon. P. amarus is mostly grown as weed in agricultural and waste lands. It is a reputed plant used in Indian indigenous systems of medicine with hepatoprotective, diuretic, stomachic properties and is recently being used for the treatment of hepatitis B. The study revealed that Cd causes significant decrease in fresh and dry weight, length of root and shoot, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids and sugar and increase in starch content. It is interesting to note that the therapeutically active compounds—phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, enhanced at certain levels of Cd due to abiotic stress. Besides, the ultramorpholical changes were also observed in stomatal opening and wax deposition on both the surfaces of leaves.     

Nutrient dynamics in shallow lakes of northern greece

GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Shallow lakes display a number of features that set them apart from the more frequently studied deeper systems. The majority of lakes in Northern Greece are small to moderate in size with a relatively low depth and are considered as sites of high value of the wetland habitat. However, the water quality of these lakes has only been evaluated segmentally and occasionally. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to thoroughly investigate nitrogen and phosphorus speciation in lakes of a high ecological significance located in N. Greece, in order to evaluate their eutrophication status and possible nutrient limitation factors, and to investigate the main factors/sources that affect the water quality of these systems. METHODS: An extensive survey was carried out during the period from 1998-1999. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis from lakes Koronia, Volvi, Doirani, Mikri Prespa and Megali Prespa located in N. Greece. Water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity), organic indices (COD, BOD5), and N- and P-species (NO3(-), NO2(-), NH4(+), and PO4(3-), Kieldahl nitrogen and acid-hydrolysable phosphorus) were determined according to standard methods for surface water. Statistical treatment of the data was employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The physicochemical parameters determined in the lakes studied revealed a high temporal variation. The trophic state of the lakes ranged from meso- to hypertrophic. The nutrient limiting factor varied among lakes suggesting either P-limitation conditions or mixed conditions changing from P- to N-limitation throughout the year. Urban/industrial activities and agricultural runoff are the major factors affecting all lakes, although with a varying contribution. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: This lake-specific research offers valuable information about water quality and nutrient dynamics in lakes of significant ecological value located in N. Greece that can be useful for an effective pollution control/management of these systems. Due to the large intra-annual variability of certain physicochemical parameters, a properly designed monitoring program of lake water is recommended.     

The influence of meteorological conditions and stringent emission control on high TSP episodes in istanbul

Istanbul has faced serious air pollution problems since the mid-80s. This is mainly due to particulate air pollution coming from poor quality lignite in areas, which are heavily populated and industrialized. As a consequence of severe air pollution problems, stringent control on the emissions in the city started in the year of 1994. In this work, in order to study the relationship between emissions and meteorological conditions, an assessment of air pollution episodes and air pollution potential in the city is presented for the terms at the changed emission schedule as the influence of an emission reduction strategy. The influence of meteorological conditions on the TSP (total suspended particulates) levels is considered for two consecutive winter periods. On this occasion, the city has faced different TSP levels and episode characteristics depending on stringent emission reductions covering the banned, poor-quality lignite and fuel switching. For this purpose, climatological conditions and air quality analyses were performed.     

Ecology of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Leptothorax</Emphasis> ants: impact of food,nest sites,and social parasites

In a long-term field manipulation, we demonstrate strong reactions of Leptothorax longispinosus ant colonies to food- and nest-site supplementation. Demographic and genetic responses varied over small geographic scales, and the two ecological factors interacted with the presence of the social parasite Protomognathus americanus. We conducted a 2×2 experiment in three blocks and found that the blocks, which were less than 100 m apart, reacted very differently to the treatments. Blocks differed in degree of polygyny, intranest relatedness, colony size, productivity, and sexual investment. Furthermore, these differences were associated with the presence of slave-making ants and the local availability of nest sites. Nest-site supplementation had a strong effect only in the site with the highest prevalence of social parasites, influencing there the density and investment patterns of colonies. L. longispinosus ants in the least parasitized area were strongly affected by both food- and nest-site supplementation. There, food supplementation led to a decrease in the number of queens per colony and consequently to an increase in intranest relatedness, while colonies in nest-site-supplemented areas invested fewer resources in males and produced a female-biased allocation ratio. By contrast, in a third block with a very low intracolonial relatedness, food supplementation induced an absolute and relative higher investment in males. We conclude that ecological factors influencing social organization in insect societies cannot be studied in isolation, because the interactions among factors produce far richer responses than any one variable.Communicated by L. Sundström     

加速车道几何参数对合流区交通状况的影响分析*

为分析加速车道几何参数对合流区交通状况的影响,基于实验方案和效率-冲突率评价指标,构建实验平台并标定对应参数,结合实际交通场景数据及速度偏差和交通冲突相关系数指标,验证实验平台有效性。结果表明:w,l随主线流量增大而增大,合流区交通状况逐步变好;随主线流量增大,在l=60 m时,w对合流区交通状况的影响较大且整体交通状况较差,而l相应增大后,w对交通状况影响较小。