2008奥运和后奥运时段北京大气颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度比对研究

为探索奥运和后奥运时段北京地区大气颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度变化规律及其主要影响因素,于2008-08-08～2008-10-07期间,在中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象观测塔附近的办公楼楼顶使用微量振荡天平（TEOM）和空气动力学粒谱仪（APS）在线实时测量颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度,同时结合地面气象资料和HYSPLIT轨迹模式对颗粒物的来源和传输过程进行了探讨. 结果表明,奥运期间北京大气颗粒物粗细粒子质量浓度（PM_2.5～10和PM_2.5）平均值分别为（23.1±1.6） μg·m^-3和（55.5±7.3）μg·m^-3,比非奥运时期分别降低18.2%和16.0%,比非源控制时期分别降低22.3%和18.0%;而奥运期间粗细粒子数浓度（PN_2.5～10和PN_0.5～2.5）平均值分别为（15±1）个·cm^-3和（3138±567）个·cm^-3,比非奥运时期分别降低23.4%和27.5%,比非源控制时期分别降低29.5%和34.3%. 观测期间风速、相对湿度和前1 d的降水与颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度存在显著线性关系,逐步回归分析结果显示,风速和相对湿度可以解释细粒子质量浓度和数浓度变化的42%和53%,而风速和前1 d的降雨则可以解释粗粒子质量浓度和数浓度变化的21%和39%;观测期间北京大气颗粒物主要受保定、石家庄等偏南地区输送的影响,偏南弱气流使北京大气细粒子质量浓度和数浓度迅速增加,而偏北强气流使区域大气粗细粒子得到彻底清除,体现了北京地区大气粗粒子受局地排放控制而细粒子受区域污染输送的特征. 对比观测期间颗粒物累积清除的2次典型过程发现,气象因素影响颗粒物浓度值波动,而局地源排放减少和区域输送减弱则使颗粒物粗细粒子浓度显著降低,北京及周边省（市、区）协同减排是保障奥运期间优质空气质量的主要原因.     

A new method for the prediction of flash points for ternary miscible mixtures

The flash point is one of the most important physicochemical parameters used to characterize the fire and explosion hazard for flammable liquids. The flash points of ternary miscible mixtures with different components and compositions were measured in this study. Four model input parameters, being normal boiling point, the standard enthalpy of vaporization, the average number of carbon atoms and the stoichiometric concentration of the gas phase for mixtures, were employed and calculated based on the theory of vapor–liquid equilibrium. Both multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNR) methods were applied to develop prediction models for the flash points of ternary miscible mixtures. The developed predictive models were validated using data measured experimentally as well as taking data on flash points of ternairy mixtures from the literature. Results showed that the obtained average absolute error of both the MLR and the MNR model for all the datasets were within the range of experimental error of flash point measurements. It is shown that the presented models can be effectively used to predict the flash points of ternary mixtures with only some common physicochemical parameters.     

Influence evaluation of ionic liquids on the alteration of nitrification waste for thermal stability

Nitrification waste (NW) is the processed product of nitro compounds, flammable and explosive, and is prone to accidents due to thermal runaway. Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as flame retardants and have a good inhibitory effect. The effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate as humectants on the thermal stability of NW was investigated in this paper. The microstructure and properties of the ionic liquid hybrid NW were first investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Secondly, thermogravimetric experiments were carried out on the ionic liquid mixed NW by thermogravimetric-infrared spectroscopy to analyze the decomposition law. Finally, six advanced linear regression thermokinetic models were used to calculate its apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and other thermokinetic parameters, and the reaction model was simulated through multiple linear regression. The experimental research results in this paper can provide a reference for the storage and disposal of nitro compounds and their wastes.     

Process hazard assessment of energetic ionic liquid with kinetic evaluation and thermal equilibrium

With the continuous development of battery technology, there are new research investments in materials of various parts. In the field of electrolytes, ionic liquids (IL) are considered to be excellent electrolytes and have been widely studied in distinct energy fields. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the safety characteristics of ionic liquids at high temperature due to the application of energy, but there is little research on the reaction and kinetics of ionic liquids. To ensure the safety of ionic liquids, such as high temperature, the common ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Emim] NO₃) was selected for analysis. The exothermic mode is obtained from the data of differential scanning calorimetry. The basic reaction parameters of [Emim] NO₃ were determined with thermodynamic equation simulation. For ionic liquids in the actual situation, consider adding a heat balance model to estimate its temperature change pattern and find out the hazard temperature and related safety parameters. Temperature changes were estimated by constructing 25.0 g and 50.0 g packages to simulate material reactions and heat transfer in the external environment. The results showed that [Emim] NO₃ had shorter TMR_ad and TCL (<1 day) when the temperature was above 180 °C.     

一种基于分形结构的复合左右手传输线及其在小型化功分器中应用

首先提出了一种基于互补开口单环谐振器对（CSSRRP）的新型谐振式复合左右手传输线（CRLH TL）和其等效电路模型.采用Bloch理论对等效电路进行了深入研究,推导了CRLH TL工作于平衡态的计算公式.通过等效电磁参数提取,证明了该结构的负折射率与后向波传输特性.其次在CSSRRP中引入Koch分形结构,设计了工作于WiMAX波段的电小平衡零相移传输线.最后基于设计的零相移传输线制作了一分四串联功分器.对其进行测试,测试结果与仿真结果完全符合,从而验证了设计方法的正确性.与传统统蜿蜒线状一分四功分器相比,本文提出的功分器带宽有效展宽56%且尺寸缩减了42%.基于分形CSSRRP的左手传输线必将在小型化无线通信系统中得到广泛应用.     

大连市夏季臭氧污染成因分析 ——以2020年6月臭氧污染过程为例

以2020年6月17—20日大连市典型臭氧污染过程为例,从本地气象条件和周边区域污染形势两方面入手,分析等压线、气温、风向、周边环境等因素对大连市臭氧污染的影响,并使用后向轨迹分析进行佐证,进而得出大连市夏季臭氧污染的主要成因。     

三元乙丙橡胶防水卷材热解分析

采用热重-差热联动分析仪对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)防水卷材进行了热解特性研究,同时分析了升温速率以及不同气氛对热解行为的影响,并采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa多升温速率法和Coats-Redfern单升温速率法分别求解了样品在氮气气氛以及空气气氛下的动力学参数,以此作为基础数据开发室外屋面防灭火系统,对减少人员伤亡和经济损失具有重要意义。     

武汉墨水湖BOD/DO数学模型及参数识别

依据墨水湖水文,水质及地形将全湖划分为５个子湖区,组建各区的分散结构的ＢＯＤ／ＤＯ解析数学模型,同时提出数学模型参数的识别方法,经模拟检验数模令人满意,分析时应用了系统网络方法,目标函数,约束条件优化识别模型参数,用微机现编程序操作,在该湖的水质规划综合治理的应用中显示了所建数模的有效性及可操作性。     

航空电连接器腐蚀退化仿真研究

目的 探索当航空电连接器腐蚀退化时,其接触阻抗的变化规律,研究航空电连接器腐蚀退化对信号传输的影响规律。方法 首先对航空电连接器腐蚀退化的机理进行研究,建立其等效电路模型,然后分别对低频电连接器和射频电连接器进行仿真研究,提取阻抗参数,分析腐蚀退化对信号传输的影响规律。结果 接触电阻随着腐蚀程度的加深明显增大,接触电感随着腐蚀程度的加深变化不大,接触电容随着接触面腐蚀面积的增大而增大,随接触面间腐蚀厚度的增加而减小。接触电阻随频率的增加而增大,接触电感和接触电容随频率的增大基本保持不变。接触阻抗在低频时呈现感性特征,高频时呈现容性特征,阻抗幅值随频率的增加先增大、后减小,峰值出现在感性和容性转换频率处,腐蚀退化将使该转换频率减小。结论 对于低频信号,腐蚀退化将导致信号的衰减和延迟;对于高频信号,在转换频率处,信号的回波损耗、插入损耗和电压驻波比出现极值。