Influence of environmental properties on macrobenthos in the northwest Indian shelf

The paper deals with the standing stock of macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the shelf region of the northwest Indian coast. The data were collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada during the winter monsoon (January–February, 2003) to understand the community structure and the factors influencing the benthic distribution. The environmental parameters, sediment characteristics and macrobenthic infauna were collected at 26 stations distributed in the depths between 30 and 200 m extending from nobreak{Mormugao} to Porbander. Total benthic abundance was high in lower depths (50–75 m), and low values noticed at 30 m depth contour was peculiar. Polychaetes were the dominant group and were more abundant in shallow and middle depths with moderate organic matter, clay and relatively high dissolved oxygen. On the other hand crustaceans and molluscs were more abundant in deeper areas having sandy sediment and low temperature. High richness and diversity of whole benthic groups observed in deeper depths counter balanced the opposite trend shown by polychaete species. Generally benthos preferred medium grain sized texture with low organic matter and high organic matter had an adverse effect especially on filter feeders. Deposit feeding polychaetes dominated in shallow depths while carnivore species in the middle depths. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sand and organic matter and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

1999年我国主要气象灾害及异常气候事件

１９９９年,我国先后出现了干旱、暴雨洪涝、台风、风雹、沙尘暴、雪灾和冻害等多种气象灾害,特别是干旱持续时间长、范围广,旱情重。除上述气象灾害外,本年度还出现了冬暖,夏凉、春寒、倒春寒、夏季高温和秋老虎等异常气候事件,本文主要是几种主要气旬灾害和异常气候事件的发生特点和影响进行了分析和评述。     

人G—CSF转基因鼠系与正常鼠系比较研究

利用人ＧＣＳＦ基因组基因和ｃＤＮＡ基因作为目的片段,将其受控于２．６ｋｂ的小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因的调控区下,通过显微注射法获得了两只整合有人ＧＣＳＦ转基因小鼠,通过繁殖建立了稳定的转基因系．一些表型参数测定表明,转基因鼠与正常鼠无明显差别,为对转基因动物进行安全性评价提供了依据     

北京大气中常规污染物的垂直分布特征

近地层大气中的污染物的垂直变化对地面空气质量有直接影响.2004年9月22日─10月30日,以北京325 m气象塔为观测平台,分别在气象塔的8,47,120和280 m处,对大气中的O₃,CO,NO,SO₂和NO_x 5种污染物及温度、湿度、风向和风速4项气象要素进行同步连续观测.5种污染物在各层日变化均明显,其中8,47和120 m 3层的变化一致,但280 m处的φ(O₃)高于其下3层,夜间尤其明显.当φ(NO₂)/φ(NO)小于25时,φ(O₃)与该比值表现出很强的相关性,8,47,120和280 m处的相关系数分别为0.86,0.72,0.58和0.57.主成分分析中,280 m处各主成分组成与其下3层完全不同,进一步表明该处的污染物与低层污染物分布规律不同,该处的污染物除受局地湍流扩散影响外,还显著受到区域水平输送作用的影响.      

SBR工艺中反硝化除磷特性研究

在ＮＯ^-₃-N/COD为0.04、0.095、0.125和0.27条件下,采用SBR反应器研究了反硝化除磷的特性.试验表明,污染物与控制参数（pH、ORP、 DO）具有良好的相关性.在搅拌阶段,ORP可以指示是否发生了反硝化聚磷反应;在好氧阶段,上述3个参数都可以监测TN浓度的低谷（NAS point）,但是pH最为灵敏.在NAS point排放上清液,能提高反应器的效率和出水水质.在反硝化聚磷的过程中,反硝化聚磷菌（DPBs）首先快速将ＮＯ^-₃-N转化为某种中间产物,然后再将该产物逐渐转化为N₂.有机碳源对DPBs的除磷能力有较大影响,当ＮＯ^-₃-N/COD大于0.095时,随着比值的升高,DPBs除磷能力增强.结果表明,为取得良好的反硝化除磷效果,ＮＯ^-₃-N/COD应不低于0.125.     

废水生物处理好氧污泥颗粒化研究进展

综述了好氧污泥颗粒化技术在废水生物处理中的研究进展,着重讨论了好氧颗粒污泥理化特性及微生物结构、污泥颗粒化主控因子、颗粒污泥形成机理及其应用潜力等方面的研究,旨在阐明多种工艺操作条件下好氧污泥颗粒化过程.好氧颗粒污泥是近年来发现的、在好氧条件下污泥自絮凝形成的固定化颗粒,其外形规则、结构致密、沉降性能优异、抗冲击负荷能力强.污泥颗粒化过程取决于基质组成与负荷、适当的水力选择压和工艺操作参数等因素.     

DETERMINATION OF UNCONFINED AQUIFER HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM RECOVERY TEST DATA1

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the sensitivity of drawdown to four hydraulic parameters in unconfined aquifers: horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity K_r and K_z, storage coefficient S, and specific yield S_y. Sensitivity coefficients indicate that the sensitivity vanes with time for each aquifer parameter, and K_r, K_z, S, and S_y are identifiable from recovery test data. An inverse method was used to calculate the four parameters from residual drawdowns. Results of application examples demonstrate that residual data provide valid information in the determination of unconfined aquifer hydraulic parameters.     

单级活性污泥过程数学模型ASM2D参数的灵敏度分析

利用单级活性污泥模拟流程对ASM2D参数的灵敏度进行了研究,发现在67个化学计量系数及动力学常数中,有22个参数需在应用中进行校核．该项研究结果为ASM2D实际应用中减少需校核参数的个数提供了依据．     

无底柱分段崩落法合理结构参数的确定

用室内模拟放矿实验方法得出了无底柱分段崩落法合理结构参数 ,运用这一成果可使经济优化、环境改善。     

公路隧道实验调查交通来源空气污染方法

采用公路隧道实验方法来调查交通来源空气的污染,笔者在中国北方和南方公路隧道内进行了气态污染物和大气颗粒物的监测,气态污染物和大气颗粒物为多点位同步监测,气态污染物包括CO,SO₂,NO_x和VOCs等,大气颗粒物包括TSP,PM₁₀,PM_2.5和粒径浓度谱分布等.同时,还调查和分析了隧道内机动车流量、能见度和气象因子.利用上述分析和测定结果,可以综合地研究交通来源污染及其对环境的影响.