用铜钨合金废料制备氧化亚铜

用硝酸浸取铜钨合金废料中的铜,再用亚硫酸钠还原硝酸铜制备氧化亚铜。采用X射线衍射仪对氧化亚铜进行表征,考察了氧化亚铜产品对溶液中甲基橙的光催化效果,并与分析纯五水硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜进行了对比。实验结果表明:在硝酸浓度为5.6 mol/L,硝酸用量为2.5 m L/g(为理论用量的1.5倍),浸取温度为40℃,浸取时间为6 h的最优浸取条件下,铜浸取率稳定在87%以上;在还原反应温度为80℃、还原反应时间为4h、硝酸铜浓度为0.8 mol/L的条件下,可制备得到较高纯度的氧化亚铜;在甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、氧化亚铜加入量为2 g/L,500 W氙灯照射时间为2.5 h的条件下进行光催化反应,甲基橙降解率可达93%以上。与分析纯五水硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜相比,两者形貌相似、光催化效果基本相当。     

Impact of various blends of Mimusops elengi methyl esters on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

The basic objective of the research work was to study the effect of various blends of Mimusops elangi methyl ester (MEME) on engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection compression ignition engine, running at constant speed. The raw oil was extracted from Mimusops elangi seeds through mechanical crusher. The neat MEME was obtained through transesterification process and mixed with diesel in versatile proportions of 10% of MEME (10% MEME–90% Diesel), 20% of MEME(20% MEME–80% Diesel), 30% of MEME(30% MEME–70% Diesel), 40% of MEME(40% MEME–60% Diesel), and 100% MEME on a volume basis. Their properties were validated based on ASTM standards. Experimental investigation revealed that the 20% blend resulted in 4.18%, 5.12% more prominent performance characteristics of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and superior emission diminution of 5.26% of HC, 16.6% of CO, 6.2% of smoke when compared with base diesel fuel, despite marginal penalty of 5.26% of carbon dioxide and 4.8% of oxides of nitrogen emission at full load condition. Characteristics of combustion parameters like pressure inside the cylinder and rate of the heat released were superior for 20% blend of MEME at the peak load condition.     

Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Jatropha biodiesel with alumina nanoparticles

Biodiesels have come up as a very strong alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesels such as Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) are comparable in performance with that of the diesel engine. The thermal efficiency of engines fuelled with biodiesels was found lower than conventional diesel fuel but due to the bio-origin, the emission characteristics are much better. However, biodiesel increases the NOx emissions as these are rich in oxygen, hence nanoparticles are used in this experiment to curb the high temperatures and reduce the NOx formation. The experiment on naturally aspired diesel engine was conducted with four prepared test fuels other than neat diesel and neat biodiesel. The 50 and 150 of alumina nanoparticles were added separately to the pure diesel and pure Jatropha biodiesel to form the nano emulsions using ultrasonicator. The properties of nanoemulsion were evaluated using dynamic light scattering technique using zetasizer. The performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder diesel engine with these nanoemulsions were compared with that of neat fuels. The results showed that using nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel can contribute in a more efficient, economical, and eco-friendly engine operation.     

磺化酞菁钴光催化降解甲基橙染料的试验研究

针对难降解的偶氮染料废水,在以磺化酞菁钴CoPcS为催化剂的情况下,实验研究了催化剂浓度、光照强度、温度、甲基橙初始浓度对降解效果的影响。结果表明:当催化剂CoPcS浓度0.2 g/L,光照强度250 W,温度40℃,pH=1,甲基橙10 mg/L时,在30 min内,甲基橙的降解率高达98.06%。最佳试验条件:pH值为1,催化剂浓度0.2 g/L,甲基橙初始浓度15 mg/L,温度40℃。影响因素主次为:pH值〉甲基橙初始浓度〉温度〉催化剂浓度,该反应符合零级反应动力学方程。     

两株联合降解甲基一六○五菌的分离及其特性研究

从农药厂污泥中分离得到一个降解甲基一六○五的混合菌群,该菌群由两种菌 Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 组成,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属（ ｐｓｅｕｄｍｏｎａｓ ．ｓｐ） ． Ｍ６ 菌具有一硫代磷酸酯键水解酶,能够催化甲基一六○五水解为对硝基酚, Ｐ３ 具有对硝基酚降解能力． Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 各自均不能彻底矿化甲基一六○五． Ｍ６ 与 Ｐ３ 混和可以彻底降解甲基一六○五．质粒消除实验表明, Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ、吖啶橙（ Ｏ Ａ） 、丝裂霉素及几种消除剂混和处理均不能使 Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 丧失一六○五水解和对硝基酚降解能力,质粒检测发现在 Ｍ６ 中检测到质粒条带,而 Ｐ３ 中未检测到质粒条带     

巢湖杭埠-丰乐河汞的污染特征及生态风险

通过对水样、沉积物和背角无齿蚌中汞含量的测定,研究杭埠-丰乐河汞的污染特征,并利用单项污染指数法、地累积指数法评估了汞的生态风险.结果表明：水样总汞的浓度为0.04～0.20μg/L（均值为0.10μg/L）,H5、H9、F2、S4和S5处水样中汞含量超过地表水Ⅲ类限值.沉积物中汞、甲基汞含量分别为29.13～251.49μg/kg（均值为65.42μg/kg）和0.22～3.31μg/kg（均值为0.68μg/kg）,H5、H9和F2处沉积物中汞为轻度污染,S4、S5为偏中度污染,工业排污是主要污染来源.背角无齿蚌中汞、甲基汞含量分别为101.34～171.15μg/kg（干重）和54.22～89.63μg/kg（干重）,均符合GB18406.4-2001中汞的限量要求.背角无齿蚌对汞和甲基汞均有明显的富集,其组织对汞的积累也具有明显选择性（浓度高低依次为：外套膜 > 内脏 > 腮和肌肉）.背角无齿蚌中汞含量与水和沉积物中汞含量相关性良好,表明背角无齿蚌作为指示生物其生物监测结果可进一步验证水和沉积物中的汞污染水平.     

The prediction of adsorption isotherms of ester vapors on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

Adsorption isotherms of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and ethyl propionate on hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (ND- 100) were measured at 303K, 318K and 333K,respectively, and well fitted by Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) equation. The plots of the adsorbed volume (q _v ) versus the adsorption potential (ε) at three different temperatures all fell basically onto one single curve for every ester. A predicted model based on DA equation was obtained on the basis of adsorption equilibrium data of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate at 318K. The model equation successfully predicted the adsorption isotherms of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate on ND-100 at 303K, and 333K, and also gave accurate predictive results for adsorption isotherms of the other two ester compounds (propyl acetate and isopropyl acetate) on ND-100 at 303K, 318K and 333K. The results proved the effectiveness of DA model for predicting the adsorption isotherms of ester compounds onto ND-100. In addition, the relationship between physico-chemical properties of adsorbates and their adsorption properties was also investigated. The results showed that molecular weight, molar volume and molar polarizability had good linear correlations with the parameter E (which represents adsorption characteristic energy) of DA equation.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定污水中14种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用法同时测定污水中14种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPEs)的分析方法.样品采集后,经GF/C膜过滤,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后进样分析.以BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈和水混合液为流动相(0.2 mL min-1)梯度洗脱,15 min内可完成14种OPEs的分离.在电喷雾正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行质谱测定.在加标浓度为1.0μg·L-1时,14种OPEs在污水处理厂进水和出水中的回收率分别为52.1%—119%、43.6%—114%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.2%—16.2%、0.4%—9.2%,方法的检出限(LOD)在0.3—6.0 ng·L-1间.方法精密度好,准确度高,可满足同时对污水样品中的14种OPEs进行定性及定量分析的要求.     

A nanosilver-based spectrophotometric method for sensitive determination of methyl violet in river water

A method is reported for the determination of methyl violet in the range of 10–120 nmol L^?1. The method is based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the oxidation reaction of methyl violet by potassium bromate in acid medium. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance () at 620 nm using a fixed time method. The reaction variables were optimized in order to achieve highest sensitivity. The 3б criterion detection limit was 5 nmol L^?1, and the relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations at a concentration of methyl violet of 15 nmol L^?1 was 0.97% (n = 10). The method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl violet in river water samples.     

Hydrolysis of a model surfactant as measured using ACYL coenzyme a synthetase

Hydrolysis of a model nonionic surfactant, [1‐¹⁴C]methyl palmitate, was compared between porcine esterase and lipase using a new hydrolase assay. The assay incorporates acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase to convert the hydrolytic product of methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, to its acyl CoA derivative; palmitoyl CoA is separated from unreacted substrate for quantitation by a highly efficient extraction. The assay achieves quantitative separation between product and substrate due to the high water solubility of the acyl CoA derivative, eliminating the need for time‐consuming chromatographic separations. After 60 min under optimal conditions, only 20 U/mL porcine hepatic esterase hydrolyzed 93.6+0.9% of 20μM methyl palmitate, while 100U/mL porcine pancreatic lipase was required to hydrolyze only 82.3 ±0.7% of the same substrate. While both enzymes detoxified the surfactant, esterase was more efficient, possibly indicating preferential specificity for simple monoesters; generally selective for endogenous triacylglycerols, lipase may be less specific for surfactants. However, together both enzymes may enable mammals to hydrolyze ingested nonionic surfactants from oil spill dispersants, reducing their toxicity.