磺化酞菁钴光催化降解甲基橙染料的试验研究

针对难降解的偶氮染料废水,在以磺化酞菁钴CoPcS为催化剂的情况下,实验研究了催化剂浓度、光照强度、温度、甲基橙初始浓度对降解效果的影响。结果表明:当催化剂CoPcS浓度0.2 g/L,光照强度250 W,温度40℃,pH=1,甲基橙10 mg/L时,在30 min内,甲基橙的降解率高达98.06%。最佳试验条件:pH值为1,催化剂浓度0.2 g/L,甲基橙初始浓度15 mg/L,温度40℃。影响因素主次为:pH值〉甲基橙初始浓度〉温度〉催化剂浓度,该反应符合零级反应动力学方程。     

火箭推进剂单推-Ⅲ对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应

为探讨新型火箭推进剂单推-Ⅲ(主成分为肼)对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应及其作用机制,将24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:生理盐水对照组,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,采用灌胃方式染毒,单次染毒剂量分别为0、0.70、2.35、7.05mg·kg-1(以单推-Ⅲ中的肼计算),每天1次,连续染毒7d,眼眶静脉丛取血后腹主动脉放血处死大鼠,称肝、肾重量计算肝、肾的脏器系数,测定大鼠血清中反映肝、肾功能的生化指标,并对肝、肾进行病理学观察.结果表明,1)单推-Ⅲ染毒可导致大鼠出现后肢运动障碍,并显著提高大鼠肝、肾脏器系数及血糖水平;2)病理学观察发现,单推-Ⅲ染毒可导致大鼠肝脏灶性及汇管区少量炎症细胞浸润,肝细胞脂肪变性,肾脏则无明显改变;3)单推-Ⅲ染毒可导致大鼠肝功能异常,部分肝功能指标如谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)等出现显著升高或降低;4)单推-Ⅲ染毒可导致大鼠肾功能异常,部分肾功能指标如尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CREA)等出现显著升高或降低.综合以上实验结果可以看出火箭推进剂单推-Ⅲ对大鼠肝、肾组织可产生一定的毒性效应,并可造成一定程度的中枢神经损伤。     

两株联合降解甲基一六○五菌的分离及其特性研究

从农药厂污泥中分离得到一个降解甲基一六○五的混合菌群,该菌群由两种菌 Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 组成,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属（ ｐｓｅｕｄｍｏｎａｓ ．ｓｐ） ． Ｍ６ 菌具有一硫代磷酸酯键水解酶,能够催化甲基一六○五水解为对硝基酚, Ｐ３ 具有对硝基酚降解能力． Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 各自均不能彻底矿化甲基一六○五． Ｍ６ 与 Ｐ３ 混和可以彻底降解甲基一六○五．质粒消除实验表明, Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ、吖啶橙（ Ｏ Ａ） 、丝裂霉素及几种消除剂混和处理均不能使 Ｍ６ 和 Ｐ３ 丧失一六○五水解和对硝基酚降解能力,质粒检测发现在 Ｍ６ 中检测到质粒条带,而 Ｐ３ 中未检测到质粒条带     

气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中氯甲基甲醚和二氯甲基醚的研究

氯甲基甲醚(CMME)和二氯甲基醚(BCME)属于确认人类致癌物,因此,建立精准、绿色的CMME和BCME检测分析方法十分必要。基于2,4,6-三氯苯酚+乙醇钠+乙醇衍生化体系,利用气相色谱法(电子捕获检测器)测定了固定污染源废气中的CMME和BCME,并且系统地优化了采样条件、衍生化条件,确定了衍生化产物的结构及衍生比率。结果表明：工作曲线相关系数均大于0.990;当采样量为10 L时,检出限均为0.003 mg/m³;当实际样品加标量分别为0.010、0.100、1.00 mg/m³时,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为15%～16%、8.9%～13%、10%～11%,加标回收率分别为89.2%～90.8%、75.3%～78.6%、76.5%～77.2%。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

巢湖杭埠-丰乐河汞的污染特征及生态风险

通过对水样、沉积物和背角无齿蚌中汞含量的测定,研究杭埠-丰乐河汞的污染特征,并利用单项污染指数法、地累积指数法评估了汞的生态风险.结果表明：水样总汞的浓度为0.04～0.20μg/L（均值为0.10μg/L）,H5、H9、F2、S4和S5处水样中汞含量超过地表水Ⅲ类限值.沉积物中汞、甲基汞含量分别为29.13～251.49μg/kg（均值为65.42μg/kg）和0.22～3.31μg/kg（均值为0.68μg/kg）,H5、H9和F2处沉积物中汞为轻度污染,S4、S5为偏中度污染,工业排污是主要污染来源.背角无齿蚌中汞、甲基汞含量分别为101.34～171.15μg/kg（干重）和54.22～89.63μg/kg（干重）,均符合GB18406.4-2001中汞的限量要求.背角无齿蚌对汞和甲基汞均有明显的富集,其组织对汞的积累也具有明显选择性（浓度高低依次为：外套膜 > 内脏 > 腮和肌肉）.背角无齿蚌中汞含量与水和沉积物中汞含量相关性良好,表明背角无齿蚌作为指示生物其生物监测结果可进一步验证水和沉积物中的汞污染水平.     

A nanosilver-based spectrophotometric method for sensitive determination of methyl violet in river water

A method is reported for the determination of methyl violet in the range of 10–120 nmol L^?1. The method is based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the oxidation reaction of methyl violet by potassium bromate in acid medium. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance () at 620 nm using a fixed time method. The reaction variables were optimized in order to achieve highest sensitivity. The 3б criterion detection limit was 5 nmol L^?1, and the relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations at a concentration of methyl violet of 15 nmol L^?1 was 0.97% (n = 10). The method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl violet in river water samples.     

Hydrolysis of a model surfactant as measured using ACYL coenzyme a synthetase

Hydrolysis of a model nonionic surfactant, [1‐¹⁴C]methyl palmitate, was compared between porcine esterase and lipase using a new hydrolase assay. The assay incorporates acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase to convert the hydrolytic product of methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, to its acyl CoA derivative; palmitoyl CoA is separated from unreacted substrate for quantitation by a highly efficient extraction. The assay achieves quantitative separation between product and substrate due to the high water solubility of the acyl CoA derivative, eliminating the need for time‐consuming chromatographic separations. After 60 min under optimal conditions, only 20 U/mL porcine hepatic esterase hydrolyzed 93.6+0.9% of 20μM methyl palmitate, while 100U/mL porcine pancreatic lipase was required to hydrolyze only 82.3 ±0.7% of the same substrate. While both enzymes detoxified the surfactant, esterase was more efficient, possibly indicating preferential specificity for simple monoesters; generally selective for endogenous triacylglycerols, lipase may be less specific for surfactants. However, together both enzymes may enable mammals to hydrolyze ingested nonionic surfactants from oil spill dispersants, reducing their toxicity.     

Sol-gel immobilisation of methyl parathion degrading bacteria isolated from agricultural areas of Pakistan

The following areas are discussed in this paper: immobilisation of bacterial consortium in sol-gel; methyl parathion degradation and bioremediation applications; evaluation of indigenous bacterial isolates of contaminated soils. Bacterial strains were isolated from agricultural areas of Pakistan which were contaminated with methyl parathion. A bacterial consortium of seven (out of 64) Enterobacteriaceae isolates including Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Proteus vulgaris capable of degrading methyl parathion (enzyme activity ranging 410–675 mU mL^?1 for individual isolates and 982 mU/mL for consortium) was selected and subsequently immobilised in tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium-silicate-based sol-gel matrices. Cell viability of suspended and immobilised bacterial consortium was monitored using a minimal salt medium supplemented with methyl parathion. The results indicate that sol-gel immobilisation can be helpful to increase the shelf life of methyl parathion degrading bacterial strains along with preservation of biological activity for bioremediation applications in field.     

离子交换膜应用于光/电/化学协同催化反应器

在光/电/化学协同催化反应器中,以离子交换膜代替盐桥连通阴、阳两室,以30 mg/L的甲基红溶液为目标降解物,考察了不同连通方式、初始pH和阴极电位对反应的影响. 结果表明:甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的表观反应速率常数明显高于盐桥型及阴离子交换膜型反应器,这是由于阳离子交换膜可以及时有效地将阳极室中产生的H+转移至阴极室中参与阴极反应. 甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的去除率随溶液初始pH的增高而降低,随阴极电位的增加先增大后减小,最佳反应条件为pH=2.0～3.0,阴极电位(-E_c)=0.6 V.