煤矿区环境污染与洁净技术

煤炭开采在给社会带来经济效益的同时 ,也导致了矿区的环境污染和生态破坏 ,如煤炭开采引起地表塌陷 ;煤炭开采过程中的废弃物、噪声污染和破坏人类生活环境等。为了保护好生态环境 ,必须采用清洁开采技术 ,才能保持能源生产、消费和生态之间的平衡     

粤港澳大湾区典型潮间带环境多介质中Cd形态空间分布特征及其影响因素

在粤港澳大湾区典型潮间带开展了 14个站位同步采样和观测,分析各采样点表水、孔隙水、悬浮物和沉积物中Cd形态的空间分布特征,并结合环境因子采用统计分析方法探讨不同介质中Cd形态分布差异的影响因素.结果表明,各潮间带环境表水、孔隙水、悬浮物和沉积物中Cd含量范围分别为0.41～15.03 μg·L-1、0.41～27.5...     

呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗生态示范区建设与可持续发展

本文阐明了呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗生态示范区建设的原则与目标;在生态功能分区基础上,指明生态示范区建设的发展方向,为陈旗生态示范区建设提供了发展对策.     

成都市区酸雨变化及降雨化学组成分析

依据成都市1995～2003年城区酸雨监测统计资料,本文对成都市城区酸雨的变化特征、离子化学组成进行了分析。结果表明:城区降水酸度变化呈现出一定的波动性,酸雨频变化表现出较大的波动性;1999年和2000年酸雨年均酸度及频率情况都较好,之后出现反弹;降水中离子含量高,雨水污染严重;降水中CSO2-的比值正在逐步缩小,酸雨状况转变为硫/CNO-34酸型和硝酸型并重的局面,大气污染物中NOx的贡献率正在升高。灰色关联分析表明:降水pH值与雨水中碱性阳离子的关联序为NH+4>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+;降水pH′值与雨水中酸性阴离子的关联序为Cl->F->SO2-3。4>NO-     

生态城区建设中的生态第三产业发展对策--以长沙市芙蓉区为例

发展生态第三产业是生态城区建设的必然要求.本文以长沙市芙蓉区为例,在分析了芙蓉区第三产业现状的基础上,提出了建设生态第三产业的发展对策.     

生态足迹在可持续性定量测度中的应用--以湖南省2000年为例

可持续发展定量测度的核心是确定人类是否生存于生态系统的承载力范围之内。E.R.William和M．Wackernagel于1992年提出并发展的生态足迹方法,就是一种定量测量人类对自然利用程度的新方法,它是一组基于土地面积的量化指标。通过跟踪区域的能源和资源消费,将它们转化为提供这种物质流所必须的各种生物生产型土地类型的面积,并与区域能提供的生物生产型土地面积进行比较,能定量判断一个区域的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内。该模型具有概念形象性、内涵丰富性以及实现对生态目标测度和较强的可操作性等特点。介绍了生态足迹的概念及生态足迹计算模型,在此基础上,对湖南省2000年的生态足迹进行了实证计算与分析,结果表明2000年湖南省人均生态赤字为0.532 4 hm2。最后,还对生态足迹理论进行了简要的评述。     

燃煤飞灰制备脱硫剂的试验研究

以飞灰和石灰为原料,经消化制得不同消化时间、消化温度和原料配比的脱硫剂,对实验样品进行比表面积、孔径分布等表面特性测定,并在固定床上进行脱硫试验研究。研究表明,合理的孔径分布利于脱硫反应,实验制得最佳脱硫剂的比表面积是54.953m2/g。     

Identifying hydrologically sensitive areas: bridging the gap between science and application

Researchers have noted that current water quality protection strategies, like nutrient management plans, lack a sound hydrological underpinning for pollutant transport processes. This is especially true for areas like the northeastern U.S. where copious research has shown that variable source area hydrology largely governs runoff generation. The goal of this study was to develop a scientifically justified method to identify the locations that generate overland flow. Furthermore, this methodology must be computationally simple enough that it can be utilized or incorporated into nutrient management plans and other established water quality tools. We specifically tested the reliability of the 'distance from a stream,'D(s), and the 'topographic index,'lambda, to predict areas with a high propensity for generating overland flow, i.e. hydrologically sensitive areas (HSA). HSAs were defined by their probability of generating runoff, P(sat), based on 30 year simulations using a physically based hydrological model. Using GIS, each location's P(sat) was correlated with D(s) and lambda. We used three Delaware Co., NY watersheds in the New York City watershed system with areas varying in size from 1.6 to 37 km2 and with forested and agricultural land uses. The topographic index gave stronger, more regionally consistent correlations with P(sat) than did D(s). Equations correlating lambda and P(sat) for each month are presented and can be used to estimate hydrological sensitivity in the region surrounding our study watersheds, i.e. in Delaware Co. This work is currently being incorporated into an Internet Mapping System to facilitate user-friendly, on-line identification of HSAs.     

Social actors’ perceptions of wildlife: Insights for the conservation of species in Mediterranean protected areas

AbstractIn the current Anthropocene Era, with numerous escalating challenges for biodiversity conservation, the inclusion of the social dimension into management decisions regarding wildlife and protected areas is critical to their success. By conducting 354 questionnaires in a Mediterranean protected area (the Biosphere Reserve of Bardenas Reales, Northern Spain), we aim to determine sociodemographic factors influencing knowledge levels and perceptions of species and functional groups as, emblematic and threatened. We found that hunters and animal husbandry workers knew more species than other social actors. Additionally, the perception of functional groups as threatened or emblematic differed between social actor groups, with statistically significant associations between perceptions and the characteristics of respondents. Interestingly, we found that although elusive steppe species are globally considered as endangered, these species were the least known by all social actor groups and rarely perceived as emblematic. This research is a novel approach and provides a better understanding of how perceptions can facilitate conservation decisions, particularly regarding endangered speciesGraphic abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01546-6.     

Landfill leachate production, quality and recirculation treatment in northeast China

Introduction Landfill is still the m ost com m on w ay to treat m ore and m ore m unicipal solid w aste (M SW ) in all over the w orld, especially in C hina (Feng and C hen, 2000). H ow ever, the leachate produced from landfill is very com plicated and va…