钢筋混凝土梁正截面率相关特性分析

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正,引入了应变率的影响,并利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率进行了数值分析。分析考虑2种情况:①只考虑混凝土的动态特性;②既考虑混凝土的动态特性,也考虑钢筋的动态特性。结果表明,对于适筋梁,混凝土的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率的影响很小,但是钢筋的动态特性的影响比较大;而对于超筋梁,混凝土的动态特性和钢筋的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率都有显著影响。     

CaCl2高温热处理垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的挥发特性

以深圳市某垃圾焚烧厂飞灰为原料,采用高温管式电阻炉,研究了在0．6L／minN,气氛下,CaCl2在不同添加量、处理温度及处理时间下对飞灰中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu挥发特性的影响,并对收集到的二次飞灰进行成分及物相分析。结果显示,X射线衍射仪和EDS分析表明,二次飞灰主要是由NaCl、KCl和部分SiCl4组成,zn主要以K2ZnCl4形式挥发,而Pb则主要以氧化物PbO和Pb3SiO5的形式挥发。最终得到CaCl2热处理飞灰的最佳二次气化条件：以0．6L／minN,为载气,添加14wt％的CaCl2,在1100℃高温下处理2．5h。经CaCl2热处理后的剩余飞灰,其浸出毒性达到了《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》要求。     

高压静电场对火电厂循环冷却水阻垢效果及机理

利用双通道工业循环冷却水分析测试台和高压静电水处理器,对火电厂的冷却水进行阻垢效果和机理研究。结果表明,施加工作电压2．0～4．0kV时,平均阻垢率随电压的升高而增大,达到61．7％,以后随着电压的升高平均阻垢率呈下降趋势,在7．5kV电压作用下平均阻垢率43．4％。对垢样晶体的SEM扫描图片表明,经高压静电场处理前的水垢晶体以方解石型硬垢为主,处理后发生了晶型转化,转化为文石型软垢,有利于垢的去除。     

高效石油烃降解菌SKD-1的分离、筛选及其降解性能

从孤岛油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株高效石油降解菌,命名为SKD-1。该菌株菌落表面湿润光滑、边缘整齐、圆形、不透明、乳黄色,能够利用葡萄糖和淀粉作为其生长的碳源和能源,其最适生长环境为碱性（pH8-10）,在分别以正十六烷烃和原油为惟一碳源,温度为30℃,摇床（180r／min）培养的条件下,菌株SKD-1的降解率分别为66．1％和36．9％。16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,菌株SKD-1与不动杆菌AcinetobactercalcoaceticusSY-1同源性达99％。结合菌株SKD．1菌落形态、理化性质以及系统发育分析,可以鉴定菌株SKD-1属于不动杆菌属（Acinetobactersp．）,序列登录号为AB774229。     

ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场的协同阻垢作用

采用静态阻垢试验方法研究了磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物共同作用时的协同阻垢性能。结果表明,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙有协同阻垢作用,当磁化水流量为120L／h、磁场强度为0．7T、磁化时间为40min、ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为3mg／L时,ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场对CaCO3的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高了12％;在其他条件不变,而ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为14mg／L时,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对Ca3（PO4）2的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高42．4％。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x-射线衍射仪（XRD）对CaCO,垢样进行了观察,发现ESA／AMPS共聚物对垢样晶型产生扭曲作用,而磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物协同作用时的垢样晶型没有太大改变。     

Median lethal concentration of formaldehyde and its genotoxic potential in bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus)

In order to avoid that contaminated frog farms animals escaping in the environment and become potential vector of emergent diseases, studies with disinfection protocol are strictly necessary. The formaldehyde is one of the compounds tested in fungal disinfection protocols and also used in aquaculture. This study aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC_50–96h) of formaldehyde in bullfrog tadpoles and to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects in acute exposition. Accordingly, the animals were exposed to formaldehyde in the concentrations of 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mg L^?1, and after 96 h blood samples were drawn for the micronucleus (MN) test. The LC_50–96h was 10.53 mg L^?1, and the MN frequency increased in proportion to the formaldehyde concentrations, with an estimated frequency in the negative control being 1.35 MN/individual. We concluded that formaldehyde is genotoxic to tadpoles of bullfrogs in the tested concentrations, and the choice of this chemical should be contemplated before its use in animals in captivity.     

Kresoxim methyl dissipation kinetics and its residue effect on soil extra-cellular and intra-cellular enzymatic activity in four different soils of India

The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase) and intra-cellular (dehydrogenase) enzymes were explored in four different soils of India. In all the tested soils, the degradation rate was faster at the beginning, which slowed down with time indicating a non-linear pattern of degradation. Rate of degradation in black soil was fastest followed by saline, brown and red soils, respectively and followed 1st or 1st + 1st order kinetics with half-life ranging between 1–6 days for natural soil and 1–19 days for sterile soils. The rate of degradation in natural against sterilized soils suggests that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation. Although small changes in enzyme activities were observed, kresoxim methyl did not have any significant deleterious effect on the enzymatic activity of the various test soils in long run. Simple correlation studies between degradation percentage and individual enzyme activities did not establish any significant relationships. The pattern and change of enzyme activity was primarily due to the effect of the incubation period rather than the effect of kresoxim methyl itself.     

不同进水条件下ASM1模型参数的灵敏度分析

编制了BSM1的仿真程序,并分析了不同进水条件下ASM1模型的16个参数对BSM1出水COD、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N灵敏度的影响.结果表明,9个参数的灵敏度在规定的划分范围内没有区别,7个参数在不同进水条件下差别较明显;各参数灵敏度的变化规律,与出水的NH4+-N及NO3--N浓度变化有一定相关性;灵敏度变化与ASM1模型速率方程中的开关函数有关.研究不同进水条件下模型参数的灵敏度,有助于提高污水处理仿真计算的准确性.     

硫酸铅在柠檬酸钠-酸体系中的浸出转化

硫酸铅可以在柠檬酸钠-乙酸体系中脱硫转化生成柠檬酸铅。考察了柠檬酸钠投加量、反应时间、固液比以及反应温度对PbSO4浸出转化的影响。实验结果表明,PbSO4的转化率随着柠檬酸钠投加量和反应时间的增加而增大,固液比和反应温度对浸出过程影响不大。溶液中溶解的铅含量随着柠檬酸钠投加量的增大而增大,其他条件对其影响不明显。最佳浸出工艺条件是：柠檬酸钠与PbSO。的物质的量之比为2：1,固液比为1／5～1／3,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2h,此时PbSO4的转化率可达到99％左右,溶液中的铅含量为总铅的3．8％左右。PbSO4浸出得到[Pb,（C。H,O,）,]·3H2O,它在350℃左右可完全分解,得到PbO／Pb粉末。     

三维电极电化学反应器深度处理焦化废水

为探索焦化废水深度处理新途径,采用了焦粒、活性炭负载Mn（NO3）2和Zn（NO3）2化合物粒子电极为第3极的三维电极反应器对二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理。考察了焦化废水中有机物去除的影响因素及处理效果,并探讨了有机物的降解动力学。结果表明,以焦粒为载体的粒子电极三维电极系统在pH为6.5,电导率为4 580μS/cm,电流密度为16 mA/cm2,投加量大于25 g/L时,降解20 min,COD去除率超过35%以上。焦化废水的降解的动力学研究表明,焦化废水降解符合表观一级反应动力学规律。该研究可为三维电极反应器在焦化废水深度处理工程应用中提供参数依据。