长江中游矿产资源跨世纪开发布局

长江中游地区矿产资源丰富，分相布对集中，配套程度较好。主要矿产资源绝大部分可保证跨世纪供需，作者提出利用三峡枢纽工程跨世纪建设，发挥中心枢纽地位和区内外资源及水运优势，依托现有磷矿开发及磷化工和钢铁，盐，磷化工和石油化工基地及建材工业基地，并指出了矿产资源开发的一具体对策。     

Prognosis of the State of Aquatic Animal Populations under Conditions of Disturbed Ionic Composition of Water

In the crustacean Eudiaptomus gracilisSars, relationships between mortality (D) and the ratio of main cations (R, the ratio of the sum of potassium and sodium equivalent concentrations to the sum of calcium and magnesium equivalent concentrations) were studied. The calculated regression equation D= 315 – 355/Rwas used for predicting the state of E. gracilispopulation in Lake Poppalijarvi (Karelia) polluted with mining waste. At R< 0.47, the population will survive; at R> 1.53, its extinction should be expected. The results of hydrobiological observations on Lake Poppalijarvi confirmed the prognosis based on the equation.     

A Critical Appraisal of Field Evidence From A Regional Survey for Acid Deposition Effects On Scottish Moorland Podzols

Samples have been collected from major horizons of 34 podzol profiles distributed throughout Scotland, all developed from granite or granitic tills and under Calluna moorland. the pH in water and calcium chloride pastes, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity, and extractable aluminium of the soils collected have been measured, and the results studied in relation to reported atmospheric deposition of H⁺, non-marine sulphur and nitrate. for all horizons, significant positive correlations were found between soil pH and rainfall mean pH, as might be expected when the critical load of H⁺ deposition is exceeded. Acidifying pollutant deposition also apparently increased soil extractable aluminium concentrations in the B and C horizons. However, exchangeable base cation concentrations tended to increase, rather than decrease, with increasing precipitation acidity. This effect was attributed to increases in biogeochemical cycling of base cations, increases in leaching inputs of base cations from overlying A/E horizon soils, and increases in the inputs of base cations leached from upslope. the results suggest that the simple steady state mass approach to the quantification of critical loads, as often applied, may be an oversimplification.     

云应地区制盐行业废水零排放的可行性论证与实施方案

根据井矿盐生产工艺特点及云应地区实际，分析了冲渣除尘水、冷却水和工艺废水循环使用的可能性，论证了云应地区制盐行业实现废水零排放的可行性，并提出了实现零排放的具体建议。     

Explaining the resource curse, with special reference to mineral-exporting countries

Recent studies have found an inverse correlation between economic growth and natural resource abundance among developing countries. There appears to be no obvious explanation for this finding, such as an important growth variable that is common in resource-poor countries and deficient in resource-abundant countries. The resource curse hypothesis is closely related to the problem of sustainability for resource-exporting countries since periods of high growth are frequently followed by long periods of stagnation. Models are examined showing how increases in export income can affect relative prices in the trade and nontrade sectors and how the changes in relative prices affect investment and growth. It is the thesis of this article that there is nothing inherent in resource-abundance that condemns countries to either low growth or nonsustainability.     

Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Mineral Particles Collected in Dunhuang,China and those Collected in the Free Troposphere over Japan: Possible Chemical Modification during Long-Range Transport

The Asian continent is recognized as one of the most important sources of mineral (or soil) particles. These particles have a large potential to effect global changes through the biogeochemical cycle of particulates and through radiative balance (IPCC Third Assessment Report, 2001). Therefore, comparison of particle compositions near the source region and those after long-range transport is important in understanding the long-range particle transport phenomenon. Individual aerosolparticles were collected in Dunhuang (40°09N; 94°41E), China. Particles were collected at the campus of the Meteorological Bureau of Dunhuang City (17 August 2001) and near the Mogao Grots, located approximately 30 km from Dunhuang (18 August 2001, 18 October 2001 and 13 January 2002) using a two-stage low-volume impactor. The morphology of individual aerosol particles and their elemental compositions were examined via a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-3000N) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer (Horiba, EMAX-500). The particles collected at these locations were comprised primarily of minerals, with the exception of sulphateparticles in the submicron range that were contained in thesample collected on 18 October 2001 (likely, ammonium sulphate). The most abundant elements were found to be Si and Al. Approximately 46–77% of the collected particles were Si-richparticles (composed primarily of quartz and aluminosilicate),and 13–41% of the collected particles were Ca-rich particles,such as calcite (CaCO₃), dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂),and gypsum (CaSO₄2H₂O). The fractions of Fe-rich, Mg-rich, Ti-rich, K-rich, and Cl-rich were 3–10, 0–7, 0–3, 0–1, and 0–1%, respectively. Similar types of mineral particles were found in the free troposphere over Japan(Trochkine et al., 2002). A number of differences were found to exist between the particles collected in China and thosecollected in Japan, and these differences can be explained bychemical modification of the particles during transport fromChina to Japan.     

滇中地区砂岩铜矿矿物分带特征及其成因意义

滇中地区砂岩铜矿形成于紫色层向浅色层过渡的氧化还原界面附近 ,矿体具有明显的矿物分带 ,从紫色层向浅色层 ,金属矿物依次按赤铁矿→辉铜矿→斑铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿变化 ,这种分带有两种表现形式 :一种为顺层分带 ,另一种为垂直分带。引起矿物分带的原因是由于具氧化性的含铜卤水和具还原性的含硫溶液相互反应 ,造成了不同矿物的先后沉淀。     

碳水化合物在土壤中的分布特征及其环境意义

碳水化合物是土壤中最活跃的有机质成分之一 ,其在土壤中的行为要受到诸如土壤密度和颗粒粒度、季节和微生物等因素的影响。由于碳水化合物与粘土、各种离子之间存在着广泛的相互作用 ,它能稳定土壤结构 ,在一定程度上减少土壤及有用物质的流失 ,保持土壤环境的稳定。碳水化合物在土壤中的行为规律较为明显 ,并且来源差异能反映在单糖组分上 ,正因为如此 ,碳水化合物可以作为指示剂和参照物来反映有机质在土壤的降解与迁移     

就葫芦岛市矿业开发论绿色GDP及环保在绿色GDP中作用

绿色GDP是对GDP指标的一种调整与发展,能较客观地反映经济状况与国民福利程度.在此就葫芦岛市矿业开发存在的环境、生态问题,呼唤绿色GDP研究与应用,并探讨了环境保护工作在绿色GDP中的作用.     

天下称奇的五大连池天然火山博物馆

我国是世界上多火山国家之一，但现代火山（有历史记载的火山）仅有１０余座。五大连池火山群是最著名的现代火山景观之一，其火山景观素有天下称奇的天然火山博物馆之美称。这里以山奇、石美、水秀、泉甜、泥怪著称于世，火山喷发遗迹方圆 ７０ｋｍ~２，珠链般的五大连 池湖，环绕着火山熔岩分布，湖光山色把这座北国小城打扮得分外妖娆。每年迎来数以万计的 中外游客来此疗养旅游，已成我国著名的火山景观旅游疗养城市。