复合矿物吸附剂处理模拟含油废水性能研究

采用共混合法制备复合矿物吸附剂,通过矿物粉末对模拟含油废水COD的去除效果及复合矿物吸附剂质量散失率确定其组分的最佳配比。考察了吸附时间、振荡速率、废水pH、吸附剂用量等因素对模拟含油废水COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:制备复合矿物吸附剂最佳焙烧温度为600℃,最佳焙烧时间3 h,对模拟含油废水中COD的去除率可达90%以上。     

The Spanish building crisis and its effect in the gypsum quarry production (1998–2012)

Gypsum is one of the most important mined mineral commodities of the world. As an industrial rock, it is primarily used by the construction industry. Therefore, the economics of the gypsum market can be correlated with parameters that have controlled the origin and development of the Spanish building bubble between years 1998 and 2006. The burst of this building bubble has been interpreted as the main triggering factor for Spain's current crisis.     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法研究

建立了土壤中矿物油含量的分析方法。采集的土壤鲜样,采用无水硫酸钠进行化学干燥。用四氯化碳提取土壤中的油类物质,采用硅酸镁去除提取液中的动植物油等极性化合物后,使用红外分光测油仪测定提取液中的矿物油含量。此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9999以上。测定下限为1.85 mg/l,测定上限为100 mg/l,测量范围为9 mg/kg～500 mg/kg,方法的灵敏度为1.05。试剂空白加标回收率56%～83%,实际样品加标回收率在69%～74%之间。该法简便快速,灵敏准确,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Integrating soil carbon cycling with that of nitrogen and phosphorus in the watershed model SWAT: Theory and model testing

In this paper we describe and test a sub-model that integrates the cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model. The core of the sub-model is a multi-layer, one-pool soil organic carbon (S_C) algorithm, in which the decomposition rate of S_C and input rate to S_C (through decomposition and humification of residues) depend on the current size of S_C. The organic N and P fluxes are coupled to that of C and depend on the available mineral N and P, and the C:N and N:P ratios of the decomposing pools. Tillage explicitly affects the soil organic matter turnover rate through tool-specific coefficients. Unlike most models, the turnover of soil organic matter does not follow first order kinetics. Each soil layer has a specific maximum capacity to accumulate C or C saturation (S_x) that depends on texture and controls the turnover rate. It is shown in an analytical solution that S_x is a parameter with major influence in the model C dynamics. Testing with a 65-yr data set from the dryland wheat growing region in Oregon shows that the model adequately simulates the S_C dynamics in the topsoil (top 0.3 m) for three different treatments. Three key model parameters, the optimal decomposition and humification rates and a factor controlling the effect of soil moisture and temperature on the decomposition rate, showed low uncertainty as determined by generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation. Nonetheless, the parameter set that provided accurate simulations in the topsoil tended to overestimate S_C in the subsoil, suggesting that a mechanism that expresses at depth might not be represented in the current sub-model structure. The explicit integration of C, N, and P fluxes allows for a more cohesive simulation of nutrient cycling in the SWAT model. The sub-model has to be tested in forestland and rangeland in addition to agricultural land, and in diverse soils with extreme properties such high or low pH, an organic horizon, or volcanic soils.     

矿产资源规划体系研究

本文就矿产资源规划体系进行了概括,认为树立开放的、动态的、持续发展的矿产资源安全观是矿产资源规划的前提。     

香港海沙资源的勘探开发与管理

海沙开采已成为仅次于油气开采的世界第二重要海洋开采业。1980年代以来,香港政府投资1.7×10⁸港元为寻找海岸围垦填料进行了一系列的海沙勘探活动,在1828km²香港水域发现22个地点海沙资源储量7.4×10⁸m³,其中9个地点4.2×10⁸m³储量因覆盖层较厚或污染严重或海区环境特别敏感等原因被暂时搁置。1990～2002年共开采海沙2.7×10⁸m³,为形成2100hm²新土地的多项围垦工程提供了约一半的填料。基于地球物理勘探和钻探资料建立了香港海域第四纪层序和海沙产状地质模型,发现和证实了含气沉积物地震剖面的声波浑浊现象。香港政府对海沙资源进行统一勘探和统一管理,强调海沙开采的环境和生态影响评估,利用废弃的海床挖沙坑回填倾废的非污染海泥和受污染海泥。我国内地海沙勘探管理可以从中取得借鉴。     

腐殖酸对矿物结合汞植物活性的影响

以植物水培试验就腐殖酸（富里酸、棕色胡敏酸和灰色胡敏酸）对矿物结合汞（CaCO₃－Hg,Fe₂O₃-Hg,MnO₂-Hg,膨润土-Hg,高岭土-Hg）的植物活性的影响进行了探讨,并以土壤作印证试验.结果表明,溶解态无机汞是最有效的植物可吸收形态．腐殖酸对土壤、矿物结合汞的植物活性的影响,与其对矿物汞的络合溶解能力以及所形成的络合汞向无机汞转化的能力有关;矿物结合汞在不同环境条件下存在的稳定性及释放汞的潜力则是制约腐殖酸效应的内在因素.反应时间决定着二者作用进展的程度.     

城市污水污泥固结体重金属浸出毒性及路用性能研究

城市污水污泥的重金属离子Pb、Zn超过国家固体废弃物排放最高允许值,属于危险废物。污水污泥的最佳出路是无害化处理,资源化利用,产业化发展。研究了以上海市污水污泥为原料,加入一定比例的固化剂和矿物掺合料使之固结,经养护满足路用强度性能,测试其固结体重金属离子浸出质量浓度亦满足国家固体废弃物排放标准,即污泥中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化,既解决了环境问题,又为污泥产业化发展开辟了新的途径。     

Improved source assessment of Si, Al and related mineral components to PM10 based on a daily sampling procedure

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,Na,K,Zn,P,S and Cl.Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered,including time,elemental correlations,weekday,weekend and seasonal changes.Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals.A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates,Na,K,Zn and P were observed during the cold season.However,a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons.It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion.The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces.A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria.This was associated with a significant increase in K,Zn,and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood.PM10 levels in December were 12 μg/m3 and were higher than levels detected in July.It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides,wood smoke,and inorganic ionic material(s).     

山东烟台金斗山金矿非金属矿物成因矿物学研究

对产于烟台金斗山金矿内的贯通性非金属矿物石英及碳酸盐类的化学成分、晶体习性、流体包裹体和天然热发光特征做了研究 ,结果表明 ,矿床的主成矿阶段的环境介质为酸性偏中性 ,富矿和贫矿石英的热发光曲线均为双峰型 ,但峰点温度、总积分强度有显著差异。碳酸盐类矿物的总体演化趋势为从富镁铁向富钙方向演化 ,碳酸盐热发光曲线的峰型和积分强度是判别成矿期和非成矿期碳酸盐的可信参数。