Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Pilot Site: a Case Study in China

Abstract

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a wide program to promote the conservation and adaptive management of such systems and their associated landscapes, biodiversity, knowledge systems and cultures. Rice-Fish Systems (RFS) in Longxian village of China, as a traditional agricultural system, was selected as one of the five pilot sites of GIAHS in 2005. Researchers have paid more attention to the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of RFS because it is under severe threats from global development challenges. Tourism is suggested to be brought into the RFS conservation program as an alternative industry. This paper presents a comparative study of residents in three types of farm household in Longxian, seeking attitudes to the RFS conservation and tourism development and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. Results show residents, belonging to the household type in which most family members are abroad, have the most positive attitudes to RFS conservation and tourism development; while residents, as other household type in which less than 50% of family members are abroad, are the least sensitive group in these three household types, due to the motivation of moving abroad weakening their enthusiasm to participate in the local activities. Implications are discussed in the context of how resident attitudes will affect the future management of GIAHS conservation and tourism development, and then measures are put forward to foster tourism cooperation and multistakeholders process establishment.     

Emergy Evaluation of a Village Ecosystem in Wolong Nature Reserve in China

Abstract

Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock (domestic and alpine) and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem (including the farming and livestock ecosystem) and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.     

汶川地震后羌族聚居区药用植物生态环境调查分析研究

探讨了地震灾区药用植物生态变化调查分析问题,介绍了地震灾区生态变化和中草药植物资源,主要包括地震灾区生物多样性和生态变化和地震灾区特色中草药植物资源,探讨了汶川地震后羌族聚居区的生态,主要包括地震灾区自然生态概况、地震灾区植物生态变化和地震灾区植物生态环境调查分析,分析了地震灾区生态环境对生物多样性影响,主要包括地震灾区生物多样性和羌族地区生态变化与中草药植物的关系,为地震灾区植物生态变化恢复奠定了基础。     

农地整理的委托代理关系研究

农地整理有利于提高农业生产率,是优化配置土地资源的重要手段,但我国的农地整理效率亟待提高。在农地整理项目实施中,村组干部是地方政府与农民的共同代理人。本文运用共同代理模型从理论上进行推演,认为在委托人利益目标一致的前提下,委托代理双方利益达到次优均衡;而当委托人利益目标发生背离时,共同代理人的行为出现偏差,农地整理项目的效率降低。并通过多元定序变量回归分析,基于湖北省调查数据证明该理论推导。研究结果显示,影响农民评价农地整理工程质量的主要因素是农民身份、项目的规划设计与施工质量、农民的农地整理参与程度及对地方政府的信任程度。研究结果说明,地方政府与农民在农地整理中的利益目标不一致,属于异质的委托人,且两者地位悬殊,地方政府属于强势委托人,而农民则是弱势委托人。作为共同代理人的村组干部在利益抉择中会选择与强势的地方政府合作,并进行利益合谋,最终导致农地整理工程质量低下。研究结论如下:1打破现有农地整理中的共同代理关系,促使地方政府转变职能,强化其代理服务意识,与农民组成利益一致的同质委托人,避免共同代理人与强势委托人的利益共谋,从而提高委托代理效率。2构建完善的农民参与体系,激发农民的参与热情,并将农民的有效参与作为农地整理后评价的重要指标,促进地方政府履行应有职责。3建立健全农地整理项目的社会监督制度,尤其是强化项目区农民的社会监督力量,有利于显化代理人投入和行为,减少道德风险,提高农地整理效率。     

农村合村并居中居民点土地整理研究——以德州市为例

随着我国城镇化水平的提高,农村居民点用地与耕地、城市建设用地的矛盾日益突出.在综述农村居民点土地整理研究现状的基础上,结合国家农村建设用地标准对德州市农村居民点用地潜力进行了测算,对居民点土地整理的效益进行了评价,并对德州市合村并居中农村居民点土地整理提出了建议.     

关于江苏盐城市文明生态村建设的几点思考

根据江苏盐城市生态环境现状,运用生态学原理,分析了文明生态村建设过程中存在的问题,并提出了建设对策:对行政村的生态建设进行总体规划;全民发动,全民参与;重抓生态经济;注重实效,让广大农民得到实惠。     

A minority group's response to a severe climatic event: a case study of rural Indo-Fijians after Tropical Cyclone Winston in 2016

This paper investigates the impacts of Tropical Cyclone Winston (2016) on rural Indo-Fijians and their response to the devastation. Studies have previously examined how rural communities in Pacific Island countries respond to severe climatic events, arguing that traditional knowledge of the climate, together with indigenous techniques, contribute substantially to recovery from a disaster. Strong communal bonds have also been identified as an influencing factor. Disaster risk reduction frameworks often assume the availability of such knowledge and capital. Yet, little research has been done on how minority groups with limited access to such knowledge and capital cope with disaster-related damage. The current study shows that rural Indo-Fijians responded to the consequences of Tropical Cyclone Winston differently to indigenous Fijians, owing to relatively limited access to traditional awareness of the climate, communal labour sharing, and intra- and/or inter-community networks. The findings point to the necessity to implement a more inclusive disaster risk reduction framework.     

上坝村井水中重金属的污染状况和分布特征分析

调查了上坝村重污染区的上樟组、群樟组和群联组共29个井水中的pH、Eh和重金属.结果表明,上坝村井水的Cu、Pb含量不超标,但Zn、Cd和Mn浓度均值分别是国家生活饮用水卫生标准的1.24倍、1.96倍和10.8倍;Zn、Cd、Mn的浓度和Eh值随着水井离横石河越远而越低,即呈现上樟组群樟组群联组的关系;当Eh小于300mV或上樟组pH值大于5.5、群樟组pH值大于4、群联组pH值介于5.1—5.4时,随着Eh的降低或pH值升高,井水中Zn、Cd、Mn的浓度急剧下降且趋向零.     

Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management in Chinese villages

Problems treating sewage in rural areas in China have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, only 6% of rural areas had spray drainage and wastewater treatment systems by the end of 2010. It is necessary to assess the technologies currently used so that sewage treatment in rural areas can be developed appropriately, to provide reliable and affordable waste- water treatment, in these areas. We evaluated the sewage treatment technologies currently used in rural areas by conducting case studies on 62 facilities that had each been operating for at least one year. Our study was carried out between 2009 and 2011, and the aim was to assess the situation during that period and assess any problems involved in decentralized sewage treatment in villages. We found that decentralized sewage treatment is the most popular wastewater treatment method in villages, and that the most common primary treatment technology used in rural areas is the septic tank. Our investigation highlights the need to establish standards for assessing effluent quality, including a range of target pollutants. Our results also show that effluents should be reused to meet the local environmental requirements in different areas, especially in ecologically sensitive areas.     

某矿村庄下煤柱开采方案研究

为了充分开采村庄下的煤炭资源和缓解矿区采掘接替紧张的矛盾以及延长矿井服务年限,同时又能最大限度地减小地下开采对地表建筑物损害。结合某矿特定的地质采矿条件,根据岩层与地表移动机理,对该矿区地表移动变形的影响因素和工作面推进速度与地表变形的关系进行了分析,得出了该矿13264工作面最佳的推进速度为3.0m/d。应用村庄下压煤开采技术的理论和方法,对该矿区村庄下保护煤柱后期开采方案进行了优化分析,指出:13266工作面顺序开采并能够在较短的时间内开采停止,则顺序开采对地表建筑物的损害程度要小;13264工作面开采通过该矿区村庄以后,下一个工作面通过的时间相隔时间较长,则跳采方式对地表建筑物的损害程度要小。