广州传统村落生活垃圾产生特征及处置对策研究

以广州市小洲村为研究对象,通过问卷调查和采样分析,研究了生活垃圾的产生特征.结果显示,小洲村人均生活垃圾产生量为0.547 kg·d-1,居民对生活垃圾问题较为关注,但自觉性和对分类知识了解程度不高,不同区域的生活垃圾具有各自特点,总体以有机垃圾、塑料和纸类为主,这些组分占垃圾总量的80.83%~92.02%.结合小洲村特点和生活垃圾现状,提出了依照区域特点规划环卫设施和制定收集模式、利用当地消纳条件就地处理生活垃圾的处理模式.     

基于节约法的村镇生活垃圾收运路线优化研究

为了降低垃圾收运成本,减少垃圾收运过程产生的环境和社会影响,对含有多种级别道路的村镇生活垃圾收运路线进行了优化。综合考虑垃圾收运过程的运输距离、路况、环境污染等因素,利用层次分析法确定了不同级别道路的综合权重,并对实际运输距离进行修正,得到综合运输距离。以节约综合运输距离为目标,使用节约法对收运路线进行优化,得出了节约路程多、发生拥堵少、环境污染小的村镇生活垃圾收运路线。并以蒙城县岳坊镇为例,对该地区的垃圾收运路线进行优化设计,验证了方法的可行性。     

锦州市黑山县小东镇刘马村环境质量调查

通过对2009年和2010年两年的监测数据的统计分析,了解锦州市以畜牧为主的农村地区的环境的现状。     

全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据的计算机处理

在总结回顾全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据录入、汇总计算机软件系统的基础上,针对进一步使用现代信息技术———多媒体技术、地理信息系统技术和网络技术对调查数据进行深层次加工处理,提出了一些设想。      

云南省土著民族对村社生态环境和植物资源的保护

云南省土著民族在长期生产实践中积累了丰富的知识,形成了特有的习俗。这些知识和习俗对保护当地生态环境和资源发挥了重大作用。本文从宗教信仰、民俗、耕作制度、栽培、选种等方面进行归纳,以期从中汲取有益于农业持续发展的精华。     

Resistance of Villages to Elevated-Road Traffic Noise

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of reducing elevated-road traffic-noise levels in rural residential areas by controlling the relative locations and morphological parameters and to investigate the effect of noise barriers on noise attenuation along elevated roads and building facades in villages. This study selected six morphological parameters and used noise-mapping techniques to estimate the noise attenuation in 60 village sites. The results indicate that ‘quiet areas’ increase by approximately 10% for each additional 100 m increase in the distance between the elevated road and the village. The best strategy for noise reduction is keeping the elevated road 1,000 m away from the village and raising the road height to 20 m. The building façade conditions only affect the traffic noise level attenuation when the buildings are within 100 m of the elevated road. It was found that the cost-effective length of the road noise barrier is 600 m on both sides of the village parallel to the road. The results highlight the importance of using morphology to improve the traffic noise resistance of villages. The landscape shape indices of buildings and roads are the most important parameters that affect the traffic noise attenuation of elevated roads.     

基于复杂系统的民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究

民族地区非常规突发事件属罕见非常规突发事件,是典型的复杂系统。传统的应急管理模式不能适应这类具有非线性复杂系统特征的罕见非常规突发事件的应急管理需求。因此,应该将民族地区的各类民族因素和社会特征作为民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究的基础变量,并进行复杂性分析,进而构建民族地区非常规突发事件演化规律的可视化仿真模型,然后在PeMS(平行应急管理系统)的基础上实现对该类突发事件应急管理机制的评估、反馈与改进。     

乡村绿色住区示范区污水就地处置回用--黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村绿色住区水资源开发利用研究

探讨了乡村绿色住区污水就地处置技术的可行性,结合西北黄土高原乡村绿色住区示范区建设,设计了黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村聚居区污水就地处置回用的工艺型式.     

The interethnic differences of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism analysed by a quantitative and a qualitative method †

The polymorphism of the human serum paraoxonase¹ was analyzed by two distinguished methods in six different ethnic groups (Caucasians, Mongoloids, Negroids), using (1) the Computer Method² and (2) the Carro‐Ciampi Method³‘⁴. Analysis of the response of the enzyme activities to salts resulting in low and high activity ratios.

Comparison of the results:

In Caucasians we distinguished three phenotypes by the Computer method. The polymorphism was governed by two alleles. The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐allele model was valid. Individuals belonging to the homozygotic group with low activity had a low activity ratio (Carro‐Ciampi method). With both methods a frequency between 57% and 61% was observed for this group. Individuals with medium and high activity had a high activity ratio.

In Negroids and Mongoloids samples we found (by the Computer method) a low activity group (Ghanaians 9.6%, Jamaicans 13.6%, Indonesians 6.7%, Koreans 19.6%). The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐ or three‐allele model was not valid. Individuals belonging to the low activity group had a low activity ratio, all individuals with higher activity a high activity ratio (Carro‐Ciampi method).

Our results suggest that the members of the low activity group in the three races are homozygote for an identical allele.     

Temporal change of water quality of the typical rural domestic sewage in Chaohu Lake basin

为揭示巢湖流域典型村庄生活污水水质特征,本文采用定点定期采样法,对巢湖流域两类典型村庄生活污水水质进行了2年测定研究.结果显示,不同月份两村生活污水的COD、NH4＋-N、TN、TP等指标呈现出相同的变化趋势,各指标浓度在6—8月较低,而COD和TN浓度在12—2月较高;两村的生活污水COD、NH4＋-N、TN、TP全年变化范围为46.77—424.80 mg.L-1、4.30—17.40 mg.L-1、9.36—34.38 mg.L-1、0.27—3.06 mg.L-1;大汤村和电厂新村两村生活污水全年COD、NH4＋-N、TN、TP平均值分别为171.98 mg.L-1和219.60 mg.L-1、8.07 mg.L-1和11.52 mg.L-1、17.80 mg.L-1和21.33 mg.L-1、1.15 mg.L-1和1.53 mg.L-1.