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341.
在线超声对膜-生物反应器活性污泥混合液性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用在线超声控制膜-生物反应器的膜污染,通过测定活性污泥混合液絮体粒径、胞外多聚物含量、上清液有机物浓度、污泥浓度和黏度的变化,探讨了超声波对膜-生物反应器中活性污泥混合液性质的影响.结果表明:在线超声使污泥絮体破碎,其平均粒径与未施加超声波的系统相比降低约20μm左右;污泥胞外聚合物含量降低(28±5)mg·g-1左右,致使混合液上清液TOC增加;但同时超声波的施加可以降低污泥浓度和混合液黏度,使混合液膜过滤性得到改善,有助于膜污染的控制. 相似文献
342.
不同材料包埋固定化厌氧氨氧化混培物 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
为探寻一条维持反应器中厌氧氨氧化混培物生物量的新途径,采用CMC、PVA、SA以及PVA.SA混合液等为包埋材料.对厌氧氨氧化混培物进行包埋固定,制成固定化小球.结果表明,4种包埋固定化小球均表现出较高的厌氧氨氧化活性,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率分别达到100%和96%~98%,其中氨氯、亚硝酸盐氮去除量和硝酸盐氮生成量的比值在1:(1.142~1.252):(0.200~0.365)之间.4种包埋固定化小球的厌氧氨氧化活性排序为CMC小球>SA小球>PVA-SA小球>PVA小球.机械性能排序为PVA-SA小球>PVA小球>SA小球>CMC小球.PVA小球粘连现象严重,成球效果最差.综合评价PVA-SA为最佳的固定化材料. 相似文献
343.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液与城镇污水合并处理生化试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以上海老港垃圾填埋场四期填埋基地渗滤液原液及其整个填埋场垃圾渗滤波经氧化塘预处理后的出水为研究对象,分别以2.5%、5%、7.5%的比例与南汇区灶东泵站处城镇污水进行混合,采用好氧活性污泥法合并处理,对进出水的COD和NH3-N进行了测定分析。结果表明:当渗滤液混合比例≤5%时,出水的COD、NH3-N值能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)二级排放标准且不影响生物处理系统正常运行,为渗滤波与城镇污水合并处理的控制提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
344.
Numerical Simulation of Interaction of the Heavy Gas Cloud with the Atmospheric Surface Layer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The numerical time-dependent three-dimensional model [Kovalets, I.V. and Maderich, V.S.: 2001, Int. J. Fluid Mech. Res. 30, 410–429] of the heavy gas dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer has been improved by parameterizing momentum and
heat fluxes on the surface of Earth using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Three parameterizations of heat exchange with the
surface of Earth were considered: (A) formula of Yaglom A.M. and Kader B.A. [1974, J. Fluid Mech. 62, 601–623] for forced convection, (B) interpolation formula for mixed convection and (C) similarity relationship for mixed
convection [Kader, B.A. and Yaglom, A.M.: 1990, J. Fluid Mech. 212, 637–662]. Two case studies were considered. In the first study based on experiment of Zhu et al., J. Hazard Mater 62, 161–186], the interaction of an isothermal heavy gas plume with an atmospheric surface layer was simulated. It was found
that stable stratification in the cloud essentially suppresses the turbulence in the plume, reducing the turbulent momentum
flux by a factor of down to 1/5 in comparison with the undisturbed value. This reduction essentially influences velocities
in the atmospheric boundary layer above the cloud, increasing the mean velocity by a factor of up to 1.3 in comparison with
the undisturbed value. A simulation of cold heavy gas dispersion was carried out in the second case based on field experiment
BURRO 8. It was shown that both forced and free convections under moderate wind speeds significantly influence the plume.
The relative rms and bias errors of prediction the plume’s height were σH ≈ 30% and ɛH = − 10%, respectively, for parameterization B, while for A and C the errors were σH ≈ 80% and ɛH ≈ − 65%. It is therefore advised to use the simple parameterization B in dense gas dispersion models. 相似文献
345.
Stefan Van Dongen 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2006,13(2):213-228
Plant–herbivore interactions are complex and affect herbivore fitness components and life history traits in many different
ways. In this paper, we present results from an experiment studying the effects of leaf quality on pupal survival and duration
of pupation (as measured by time-to-emergence) in the winter moth. Because only surviving pupae are at risk of emerging, analysis
of time-to-emergence should exclude the dead pupae. However, due to right censoring, the survival status could not be determined
for each individual. This failure to determine the group of moths at risk of emerging a priori motivated the development of
a joint model of both survival probability and time-to-emergence. We formulate the model in a Bayesian framework and apply
Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) to obtain posterior distributions. Time-to-emergence is modeled by a Cox Proportional Hazards
(CPH) model where only the surviving pupae are at risk of emergence. Probability of pupal survival was modeled by a Generalized
Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). The censored individuals were included in the analysis as a missing value in the GLMM. The GLMM
then generated prior distributions of survival probabilties—and thus of the probability of being at risk of emergence—for
these 19 individuals, conditional on the model parameters. The CPH model was formulated as a count process and the binary
frailty was incorporated as a zero-inflated Poisson model. Zeros in this model represent the non-survivors. Leaf quality did
not appear to influence time-to-emergence. Pupal survival was affected in a complex and unexpected way showing opposite effects
in males and females. We also explored the robustness of our model against increased levels of censoring. While the degree
of censoring was low in our study (< 1%), we artificially increased it to 67%. Although further study is required to study
the generality of these results in a theoretical framework, our explorations suggest that the newly proposed technique may
be widely applicable in a variety of situations where the identification of the at risk population cannot be done in a straightforward
way.
Received: January 2005 / Revised: June 2005 相似文献
346.
347.
Eric Deleersnijder Jean-Marie Beckers Eric J. M. Delhez 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2006,6(1):25-42
The transport from the upper mixed layer into the pycnocline of particles with negative buoyancy is considered. Assuming the
hydrodynamic parameters to be time- independent, an adjoint model is resorted to that provides a general expression of the
residence time in the mixed layer of the constituent under study. It is seen that the residence time decreases as the settling
velocity increases or the diffusivity decreases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the residence time must be larger than
z/w and smaller than h/w, where z, h and w denote the distance to the pycnocline, the thickness of the mixed layer and the sinking velocity. In the vicinity of the
pycnocline, the residence time is not necessarily zero; its behaviour critically depends on the eddy diffusivity profile in
this region. Closed-form solutions are obtained for constant and quadratic diffusivity profiles, which allows for an analysis
of the sensitivity of the residence time to the Peclet number. Finally, an approximate value is suggested of the depth-averaged
value of the residence time. 相似文献
348.
马尾松低产林套种木荷的林地与根际土壤养分特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
傅循晶 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2003,9(3):189-192
马尾松低产林套种木荷的混交林林地与根际土壤养分特性研究表明,木荷根际对土壤养分的活化能力大于马尾松,这利于混交林中马尾松的生长.套种后所形成的混交林根际微区对土壤养分活化程度的提高改善了两树种的养分利用状况,这可能是低产林改造后林地土壤养分高于纯林地且林分生产力提高的主要原因之一. 相似文献
349.
为解决硫糖铝片难于崩解或崩解时限较长的问题.选择混合粘合剂制备硫糖铝片,并考察崩解时限、硬度、脆碎率.结果发现:利用混合剂能明显缩短崩解的时限;利用混合粘合剂制备硫糖铝片达到了预期目的,并为其他片剂在使用粘合剂方面提供参考. 相似文献
350.
微电解与化学法处理混合电镀废水的实际应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过研究得出,利用化学方法处理电镀废水的关键是控制好pH值;另一点是采用微电解方法处理含铬和其它重金属混合废水,在实际工程运作中有良好的效果。 相似文献