铝电解含氟烟气治理技术

铝电解过程中产生大量含氟烟气，主要介绍目前国内几家铝厂所采用的含氟烟气治理技术，并对实际工作中存在的问题进行分析，供在类似工程中参考借鉴     

离子液体[TETAH]+[BF4]--乙二醇混合体系吸收CO2的实验研究

以三乙烯四胺(TETA)为阳离子前驱体、氟硼酸(HBF_4)为阴离子前驱体制备多胺基离子液体[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-,并与助溶剂乙二醇(EG)按一定计量比组成[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~--EG混合体系.实验考察了离子液体的浓度、吸收温度和气体流量等对该混合体系吸收CO_2性能的影响.结果表明,当[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-的浓度为20%,吸收温度为15℃,气体流量为200 mL·min~(-1)时,该混合体系对CO_2的吸收容量达到1.50 mol·mol~(-1)(以每mol离子液体吸收的CO_2量(mol)计,下同);离子液体的浓度、CO_2流量和温度均会影响该混合体系达到吸收平衡的时间.同时,该混合体系对CO_2的吸收容量均高于[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-和EG单独吸收CO_2的容量,这表明离子液体[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-与助溶剂EG之间存在某种协同作用.另外,该混合体系具有良好的再生性能,在80℃的条件下经过5次吸收-解吸循环实验后的吸收摩尔分率为1.00 mol·mol~(-1),性能下降仅为33.3%.     

基于混合效应模型的京津冀地区PM2.5日浓度估算

利用2016年182d的MODIS 3km AOD数据与地面监测数据,评估了混合效应模型不同参数组合的模拟性能,得出模型在解释AOD-PM_2.5关系时,对时间序列变异的解释能力要比空间差异更佳.在此基础上,利用混合效应模型建立京津冀地区每日的AOD-PM_2.5关系,模型拟合R²为0.92,交叉验证调整R²为0.85,均方根误差（RMSE）为12.30 μg/m³,平均绝对误差（MAE）为9.73 μg/m³,说明模型拟合精度较高.基于此模型估算的2016年京津冀地区年均PM_2.5浓度为42.98 μg/m³,暖季（4月1日~10月31日）为43.35 μg/m³,冷季（11月1日~3月31日）为38.52 μg/m³,与同时期的地面监测数据差值分别为0.59,0.7,5.29 μg/m³.空间上,京津冀地区的PM_2.5浓度呈现南高北低的特征,有一条明显的西南-东北走向的高值区.研究结果表明,基于每日混合效应模型可以准确评估京津冀地区的地面PM_2.5浓度,且模型估算的PM_2.5浓度分布状况为区域大气污染防治提供了基础的数据支撑.     

煅烧阴离子粘土(LDO)对低浓度活性艳橙X-GN的吸附研究

以不同Mg/Al比(物质的量比)的合成阴离子粘土为原料,在500℃条件下煅烧制备了煅烧阴离子粘土(LDO),研究其对低浓度活性艳橙X-GN的吸附行为,并用XRD、FTIR、XRF、BET等对LDO进行表征,通过研究解吸行为验证其吸附机理.实验表明,Mg/Al比为4∶1的LDO的吸附效果比2∶1的LDO好,Mg/Al比为...     

碳酸钾-二乙烯三胺复合溶液吸收烟气中CO2实验研究

热钾碱溶液在工业脱除二氧化碳中已获得较广泛的应用,但存在吸收速率差、再生负荷高等缺点-开发新型热钾碱溶液成为目前研究热点.采用搅拌实验装置,研究碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾-二乙烯三胺(DETA)复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收速率、吸收容量和酸碱度与时间之间的内在联系;对CO2初始逸出温度,试液...     

混合填料生物接触氧化法处理生活污水的研究

采用混合型(火山岩和陶瓷环)填料生物接触氧化工艺处理实际生活污水,研究了混合型填料挂膜情况,不同HRT、DO和进水COD浓度对水质净化效果的影响。实验结果表明:混合型填料挂膜效果好,15 d后反应器达到稳定状态,对COD的去除率达到75%以上;在水温为20~32℃,HRT为12 h,DO为5~6 mg/L的条件下,对COD、氨氮、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了75.8%、71.8%、45.9%和35.7%;当进水COD浓度为100~400 mg/L时,各个指标的去除率随着COD浓度的升高而升高,可见进水COD浓度会对污水净化效果产生影响。     

Cu-Mg-Al催化剂上NOx储存及分解性能研究

采用共沉淀方法制备了Cu-Mg-Al水滑石混合氧化物催化剂,并对该催化剂及其前驱物进行了XRD表征.使用等温吸附、程序升温脱附以及C₃H₆程序升温表面反应分别考察了催化剂上NO_x储存及分解反应性能.结果表明,由于Cu-Mg-Al催化剂中CuO组分发挥了NO氧化作用,促进了进气中NO_x以硝酸盐方式吸附在催化剂上,因此该催化剂具有很好的NO_x储存性能;在富燃条件下,C₃H₆能够显著降低催化剂上硝酸盐的热稳定性,在160～360 ℃温度范围内,这些硝酸盐会迅速分解成气态NO_x,同时随着C₃H₆加入量的提高,C₃H₆也可以将少量气态NO_x进行还原.     

Total pollution effect of urban surface runoff

For pollution research with regard to urban surface runo , most sampling strategies to date have focused on di erences in land usage. With single land-use sampling, total surface runo pollution e ect cannot be evaluated unless every land usage spot is monitored. Through a new sampling strategy known as mixed stormwater sampling for a street community at discharge outlet adjacent to river, this study assessed the total urban surface runo pollution e ect caused by a variety of land uses and the pollutants washed o from the rain pipe system in the Futian River watershed in Shenzhen City of China. The water quality monitoring indices were COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspend solid), TP (total phosphorus), TN (total nitrogen) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). The sums of total pollution loads discharged into the river for the four indices of COD, TSS, TN, and TP over all seven rainfall events were very di erent. The mathematical model for simulating total pollution loads was established from discharge outlet mixed stormwater sampling of total pollution loads on the basis of four parameters: rainfall intensity, total land area, impervious land area, and pervious land area. In order to treat surface runo pollution, the values of MFF30 (mass first flush ratio) and FF30 (first 30% of runo volume) can be considered as split-flow control criteria to obtain more e ective and economical design of structural BMPs (best management practices) facilities.     

双菌发酵水葫芦压滤液生产单细胞蛋白的研究

水葫芦在我国多个地区泛滥,含水率超过90%,需要就地压滤处理。而由此产生的大量水葫芦压滤液富含纤维素和各种有机物,属于高浓度有机废水,容易造成二次污染,且在目前污水处理技术条件下处理成本较高。通过微生物发酵处理水葫芦压滤液生产单细胞蛋白,可以减少环境污染的同时提高资源的利用率。该试验利用糖化霉菌与酵母混合发酵以提高粗蛋白产量。35℃恒温条件下,当原始COD值为15333.33mg/L时,添加(NH)42SO425.0g/L,先以黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)发酵40h,然后接种产朊假丝酵母(Candidautilis)酵母发酵32h,菌体回收率可达19.8g/L,COD去除率达到43.65%;当原始COD值为7280mg/L时,添加(NH)42SO46.0g/L,先以黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)发酵48h,然后接种产朊假丝酵母(Candidautilis)酵母发酵24h,COD的去除率可达81.24%,菌体回收率达1.97g/L,粗蛋白含量达39.76%。     

Evaluating institutional fit for the conservation of threatened species

Recovery and conservation of threatened species require adequate institutional responses. We tested an approach to systematically identify and measure how an institutional framework acknowledges threats and required responses for the recovery of endangered species. We measured institutional functional fit with a drivers-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) model integrated with a quantitative text mining method and qualitative analysis of statutory instruments to examine regulatory responses that support the recovery of 2 endangered species native to Australia, the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) and the Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus). The key components of the DPSIR model were present in the institutional framework at statutory and operational levels, but some institutional gaps remained in the protection and recovery of the Eastern Bristlebird, including feral predator control, weed control, and grazing management in some locations. However, regulatory frameworks varied in their geographic scope and the application and implementation of many instruments remained optional. Quantitative text mining can be used to quickly navigate a large volume of regulatory documents, but challenges remain in selection of terms, queries of co-occurrence, and interpretation of word frequency counts. To inform policy, we recommend that quantitative assessments of institutional fit be complemented with qualitative analysis and interpreted in light of the sociopolitical and institutional context.